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Lead Service Line Replacement Policy
Contents
1. Acronyms and Definitions
2. Background and Purpose
3. Authorities
4. Replacement Requirements
5. Notice
6. Exception
7. Responsibilities of the City
8. Responsibilities of Private-Side LSL Owners
9. Financing Private-Side LSLR by City
1. Acronyms and Definitions
“Child-care facility” shall mean any state-licensed or county-certified child-care facility
including, but not limited to, licensed family childcare, licensed group centers, licensed day
camps, certified school-age programs, and Head Start programs.
“City” shall mean City of Oshkosh.
“Confirmed water sample test” shall mean a tap water analysis completed after a prior analysis
that indicated lead levels at the United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA) action
level, and conducted in accordance with the Lead and Copper Rule, with Chapter NR 809.547,
Wis. Adm. Code., and with instructions provided by the City.
“Contractor” shall mean a person, firm, corporation, or other entity pre-qualified by the City of
Oshkosh to complete private side lead service line replacements.
“Federal Safe Drinking Water Act” shall mean 42 U.S.C.A. Sec. 300f-300j-26.
“GIS” shall mean Geographic Information System.
“Hard surface” shall mean concrete pavement, asphalt pavement, or crushed stone pavement
used for pedestrian or vehicle access.
“High-risk lead service” shall mean any lead water service line where a confirmed water sample
test of a customer’s tap water reveals a lead concentration at or above the USEPA action level.
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“Lead and Copper Rule” (LCR) shall mean the rule created by the USEPA and adopted by the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) in response to the passage of the Safe
Drinking Water Act, which provides maximum contaminant-level goals and national primary
drinking water regulations for controlling lead and copper in drinking water including approved
corrosion-control treatment techniques, lead service line replacement, and public education. The
rule may be found in 56 FR 26460, 40 CFR part 141.80-141.90, and Chapter NR 809.541-NR809.55,
Wis. Adm. Code.
“Lead Service Line” (LSL) shall mean (i) all or a portion of a water service line constructed of lead,
and/or (ii) all or a portion of a water service line constructed of galvanized material that is or was
downstream of lead. The term includes both private-side water service lines and public-side
water service lines.
“Lead Service Line Replacement” (LSLR) shall mean full replacement of an LSL.
“Licensed Plumber” shall mean a person, firm, corporation, or other entity licensed to perform
plumbing work in the City by the State of Wisconsin.
“Ordinance” shall mean City of Oshkosh Municipal Code, Chapter 20 – Plumbing and /or
Chapter 28 - Water.
“ppb” shall mean parts per billion.
“Private-side water service line” (Private-side) shall mean the water pipe running from the
customer’s meter to the curb stop, which is the Water Utility shut-off valve. This portion is owned
by the property owner and is the responsibility of the property owner to maintain.
“Public-side water service line” (Public-side) shall mean the water pipe running from the City’s
water main to and including the curb stop, which is the Water Utility shut-off valve.
“SDWLP” shall mean the Safe Drinking Water Loan Program.
“water service line” shall mean the pipe that connects the water main to the customer’s meter.
“Water Utility” shall mean the City of Oshkosh public water system, also known as Oshkosh
Water Utility.
2. Background and Purpose
The City has several thousand Lead Service Lines (LSLs) located on both public and private
property. The Federal Lead and Copper Rule (LCR) under the Safe Drinking Water Act requires
that samples taken at customers’ taps have less than fifteen (15) parts per billion lead. To comply
with the LCR, the City controls LSL corrosion with the addition of a phosphate-based corrosion
inhibitor and a pH adjustment chemical at the water treatment plant.
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Recent scientific studies, proposed changes in LCR sampling procedures, and incidents of
elevated lead levels in public water systems have driven regulators and municipalities to
reconsider LCR requirements, regulatory compliance, LSL replacement policies, and public
communication about lead and drinking water.
Prior to 2017, the City had replaced the public portion of LSLs in conjunction with water main
replacements; however, the corresponding private-side portions of the LSLs were not required to
be replaced.
To reduce the potential exposure to lead in drinking water, the City adopted revisions to the City
of Oshkosh Municipal Code Chapter 20 – Plumbing to make full lead water service line
replacement mandatory.
Wisconsin Public Service Commission approval is needed to use water utility funding on private-
side water service lines.
This policy describes how Lead Service Line Replacement (LSLR) requirements in the Municipal
Code will be implemented and how homeowners may receive financial assistance for LSL
replacement.
3. Authorities
The authority for implementation of the policy are Federal, State, and local regulations described
in the following subsections:
Federal Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA). The SDWA was enacted into law in 1974 to protect
the quality of drinking water in the United States. This law gave the USEPA authority to set
drinking water quality standards and requires all owners and operators of public water systems
to meet these standards. In 1991, USEPA published the Federal Lead and Copper Rule to control
lead and copper in drinking water.
Wisconsin Administrative Code Chapter NR 809—Safe Drinking Water. The USEPA has
designated the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources as the “Approval Authority”
responsible for oversight of implementation of the SDWA and its rules and amendments in the
state of Wisconsin. This code generally repeats the Federal lead and copper regulations.
City of Oshkosh Municipal Code (Ordinance). The LCR gives public water systems authority
and responsibility to implement necessary local regulations. Provisions in Chapter 20 and
Chapter 28 of the Municipal Code apply to LSLR and form the basis for the LSLR Policy,
including Section 20-13 Lead Service Line Replacement, Section 20-14 Penalties, and Section
28-10 Private Side Lead Service Line Replacement Financing.
4. Replacement Requirements
The LSL shall be replaced whenever any of the following occurs:
A. A leak or failure has been discovered on either the private- or public-side of the LSL.
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B. A portion of an LSL is replaced or repaired.
C. A request is made by a property owner to replace the private-side LSL.
The remaining lead portion of the water service line shall be completely replaced within one
hundred eighty (180) days of any repairs.
No permanent repairs to the lead portion of a water service line shall be allowed.
5. Notice
In the event of a water service line leak, failure, or emergency replacement of the public-side
service, the City shall provide written notice to the property owner that replacement of the
private-side LSL is required within one hundred eighty (180) days of the notice.
In the event of a planned replacement of the public-side service, the City shall provide written
notice of the private-side LSL replacement requirement to the property owner at least thirty (30)
days prior to the commencement of the planned replacement of the public-side LSL.
In the event of a water service line leak, failure, or emergency replacement of the private-side
LSL, the City is required to replace the public-side LSL within one hundred eighty (180) days of
the private-side LSL being completed.
Please note other timelines may be required to qualify for financial assistance.
6. Exception
The City may, at its discretion, grant a temporary exception to Section 4, provided that doing so
will not create a threat to the health, safety, or welfare of the public. When considering
exceptions, the City may look at factors including, but not limited to: scheduled replacement
and/or whether the lateral is in service, as well as any other factors that may be relevant. The
maximum time extension shall be one (1) additional year beyond the one hundred eighty (180)
days allowed.
7. Responsibilities of the City
The City shall:
A. Maintain a water service line material inventory. The database is available
here: https://tinyurl.com/453uz9zu or at the QR code to the right.
B. Create a voluntary LSL replacement list based upon requests from property owners.
C. Prioritize replacement of LSLs to maximize efficient use of public funds and minimize
potential risks to public health by replacing LSLs in conjunction with water main replacement
projects; replacing LSLs at child-care facilities, schools, and locations with high-risk lead
services; replacing LSLs from approved property owner requests; and replacing LSLs from
completed water main projects where the private-side LSLs were not replaced.
D. Complete the City’s home inspection form or provide form to Licensed Plumber(s).
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E. For planned LSLRs as part of City water main replacement projects, the City shall provide
information to private property owners regarding the property owners’ responsibilities and
resources that may be useful in meeting those responsibilities.
F. When funds are available to subsidize private-side LSLR and the LSLR meets the eligibility
criteria, the City shall:
a. Provide to private property owners private-side LSLR financial assistance in accordance
with Section 9 of this Policy. Property owners should contact the Department of Public
Works at (920) 236-5258 to determine eligibility.
b. Pre-qualify Contractor(s) to perform private-side LSLRs.
c. Provide list of pre-qualified Contractor(s) to private property owners.
G. Provide lead filter devices for temporary use during LSLR work and for a period of six (6)
months after the completion of LSLR work.
H. Provide public information on health risks associated with lead in drinking water and ways
to reduce potential risks.
I. React appropriately to noncompliance with communication, and, if necessary and
appropriate, with enforcement as allowed under the Ordinance.
8. Responsibilities of Private-Side LSL Owners
Upon receipt of the notice in Section 5, or upon approval from the City of a submitted request
from the property owner, the private-side LSL owner shall:
A. If the Water Service Line Material Inventory (see Section 7 for link) shows the private-side
line pipe material as “UNKNOWN”, allow the City, or hire a Licensed Plumber, to complete
City-approved water service line inspection.
B. Replace the private-side LSL by contracting with a pre-qualified Contractor. The work shall
be performed in accordance with all applicable State and local regulations and utility
standards. It is recommended that property owners obtain multiple quotes.
a. Property owner must meet and follow all City Eligibility Requirements listed in Section
9, Financing Private-Side LSLR, to qualify for financial assistance.
C. Coordinate, as necessary, to complete timely replacement of a LSL.
D. Contact the City of Oshkosh Plumbing Inspector for a final inspection in a timely manner.
E. The property owner is ultimately responsible for hiring the contractor, complying with the
financial assistance requirements below, and directly paying the contractor for any work
completed not covered by Section 9 of this Policy.
a. Participation in the financial assistance program, if available, is voluntary. Property
owners must provide completed copies of all necessary paperwork.
b. Costs above $5,400 for LSLR-related plumbing and electrical work and $1,300 for
replacement of hard surfaces disturbed by LSLR are entirely the responsibility of the
property owner.
9. Financing Private-Side LSLR by City
When designated funding sources are available and within LSLR program eligibility
requirements, described below, the City will subsidize the cost of private-side LSLR as follows:
A property owner may apply for financial assistance from the City for private-side LSLR up
to the amounts identified below. Property owners seeking financial assistance must complete
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all applications and meet the eligibility requirements listed below. Financial assistance may
be provided in the form of a private-side LSL loan which shall be a lien upon the property
and shall be repaid in installments as a special charge upon each year’s annual tax bill.
City shall provide financial assistance as allowed by the funding source.
Alternatively, property owners who are considered “Very Low Income”, as established by
the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development for the year the project takes place,
may be eligible for assistance in paying for the private-side LSLR. This assistance may cover
one hundred percent (100%) of the cost of the private-side LSLR, but is subject to the City’s
annual Federal allocations. To apply for private-side LSLR financial assistance, property
owner must submit completed Lead Service Line Replacement Community Development Block
Grant (CDBG) Application and submit it to the Planning Services Division, 2nd floor, City Hall.
The property owner must use a current LSLR Pre-qualified Contractor and follow all CDBG
requirements.
Eligibility Requirements (Non-CDBG funded LSLR):
A. Property owners must meet all of the eligibility requirements.
B. Service line replacement must be coordinated so the public-side and private-side service
line replacement are completed within one hundred eighty (180) days of each other. Failure
to meet the 180-day requirement will result in the property not being eligible for financial
assistance. The 180-day requirement does not apply to partial service line replacements
completed prior to August 8, 2024.
C. Private LSL replacement must be approved by the City prior to starting replacement work.
To receive approval, the property owner must:
a. Complete and submit the appropriate Financial Assistance Application for Private-Side Lead
Service Line Replacement.
b. Complete and submit the appropriate Lead Service Line Replacement Financial Assistance
Program Waiver/Release of Liability.
c. Receive confirmation of approval for financial assistance from the City; information may
include Financial Assistance conditions and may include a draft Promissory Note and
Covenant containing terms of repayment. Conditions of approval must be shared with the
Contractor and followed to ensure financial assistance eligibility.
D. Work must be completed by Contractor on the City’s current year pre-qualified LSLR
Contractor List. Provide a copy of any approval conditions to your Contractor. All work
must follow any conditions of approval.
E. After completion of work, including final inspections from the City of Oshkosh Inspection
Services, the Contractor shall submit the following:
a. Completed current Contractor Payment Application for Private-Side Lead Service Line
Replacement. Please note that the property owner must sign this form.
b. Invoice for work completed
i. Invoice must contain the property address where the LSLR work was performed.
ii. Invoice must contain an itemized list of the work completed and only pertain to the
LSL replacement. Only LSLR costs will be considered/paid.
F. After completion of work, including final inspections from the City of Oshkosh Inspection
Services, the Property Owner shall do the following:
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a. Make appointment to close on the Promissory Note and Covenant or pay City the balance
due.
G. All work must be done in accordance with all sections of this document.
a. Failure to provide necessary documentation or meet the required timelines will result in
the City not paying the Contractor, resulting in no financial assistance from the City and
the property owner owing the Contractor the full amount.