HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem: VII: ICLEI Milestone 2 ReportICLEI MILESTONE 2: SET A REDUCTION TARGET
OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN
DRAFT
MARCH 2016
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction
Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
March 2016 DRAFT
Prepared by the
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
EAST CENTRAL WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION
Donna Kalata, Chair
Michael Thomas, Vice-Chair
Eric Fowle, Secretary-Treasurer
COMMISSION MEMBERS
CALUMET COUNTY SHAWANO COUNTY
Alice Connors Jerry Erdmann
(Bill Barribeau, Alt.) Thomas Kautza
Patrick Laughrin Marshal Giese
Merlin Gentz
WAUPACA COUNTY
FOND DU LAC COUNTY
Dick Koeppen
Allen Buechel Gary Barrington
Martin Farrell Brian Smith
Brenda Schneider DuWayne Federwitz
Lee Ann Lorrigan
(Joseph Moore, Alt.) WAUSHARA COUNTY
Charles Hornung or Craig Tebon*
Donna Kalata, Chair
MENOMINEE COUNTY Larry Timm
Neal Strehlow
Michael Chapman
Muriel Bzdawka WINNEBAGO COUNTY
Ruth Winter
Mark Harris
OUTAGAMIE COUNTY David Albrecht
Ernie Bellin
Thomas Nelson Steve Cummings
Helen Nagler Ken Robl
Daniel Rettler Robert Schmeichel
Timothy Hanna
Jeff Nooyen EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS
Michael Thomas
Jill Michaelson, WisDOT
Deborah Wetter, Valley Transit
* To be determined
OSHKOSH SUSTAINABILITY ADVISORY BOARD
Margy Davey
Michelle Muetzel
Nikki Stoll
Robert Breest
Kimberly Biedermann
Samara Hamze
Janet Scalpone
William Fath
Thomas R. Pech, Jr., Council Liaison
Elizabeth Williams, Associate Planner, Staff Contact
OSHKOSH CITY COUNCIL
Steve Cummings, Mayor
Thomas R. Pech, Jr., Deputy Mayor
Debra L. Allison-Aasby
Steve Herman
Caroline Panske
Ben Stepanek
Kyle Clark
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ABSTRACT
TITLE: ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
CONTACT: Elizabeth Williams, Associate Planner, City of Oshkosh
AUTHORS: Kathleen Thunes, P.E. Principal Planner
SUBJECT: Greenhouse Reduction Targets for the City of Oshkosh
DATE: March, 2016
PLANNING AGENCY: East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
SOURCE OF COPIES: East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
400 Ahnaip Street, Suite 100
Menasha, WI 54952
(920) 751-4770
www.ecwrpc.org
This report summaries the baseline inventory outlined in Milestone 1 and provides a basis for
the established reduction targets, it outlines major accomplishments that have been made since
2007 towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions, sets short, mid and long-term reduction
targets and identifies potential strategies that can be used to achieve the identified reduction
targets.
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iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. v
Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1
Global Climate Change ........................................................................................................ 1
Global Warming ........................................................................................................ 1
Local Impacts ........................................................................................................... 2
Human Health ............................................................................................... 2
Water Resources .......................................................................................... 3
Agriculture and Ecosystems .......................................................................... 3
ICLEI Milestones – An Overview .......................................................................................... 3
Milestone Report I – A Summary ......................................................................................... 4
Oshkosh Municipal Operations ................................................................................. 4
Oshkosh Community-Wide ....................................................................................... 5
Emissions Forecast .................................................................................................. 6
Reduction Targets ................................................................................................................ 7
Purpose .................................................................................................................... 7
Common Targets ...................................................................................................... 7
International and National Agreements ......................................................... 8
Wisconsin Agreements ................................................................................. 9
Agreements in Other States .......................................................................... 9
ICLEI ............................................................................................................. 10
ICLEI Communities ....................................................................................... 10
Other Communities in Wisconsin .................................................................. 11
Surrounding Communities ............................................................................. 11
Targets: Short, Mid and Long-Term .......................................................................... 12
Major Accomplishments Toward Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions ............................. 13
City Government ..................................................................................................... 13
UW-Oshkosh ........................................................................................................... 14
Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 14
FIGURES
Figure 1: Percent Municipal Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2007 ......... 5
Figure 2: Percent Municipal Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source, 2007 ........ 5
Figure 3: Percent Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2007 ............... 6
Figure 4: Percent Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source, 2007 .............. 6
APPENDICES
Appendix A .......................................................................................................................... A-1
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
v
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The City of Oshkosh recognizes that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from human activity are
contributing to global climate change. On September 11, 2007, the City of Oshkosh signed onto
the U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protection Agreement committing to reduce GHG emissions to meet
or surpass the Kyoto Protocol targets. To further this effort the City committed to adopt the
International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) five milestones to reduce GHG
and air pollution emissions.
This report, the second in the series of five milestone reports, provides an (1) overview of global
climate change and the impacts that are being experienced in the Oshkosh area; (2) summaries
the baseline inventory outlined in Milestone 1 and provides a basis for the reduction targets that
were established; (3) outlines major accomplishments that have been made since 2007 by city
government and UW-Oshkosh towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions; (4) sets short, mid
and long-term reduction targets; and (5) identifies potential strategies that can be used to
achieve reductions in greenhouse gas emissions.
Baseline line inventories for municipal operations and for community sectors were completed for
the year 2007. Municipal operations include City owned buildings and facilities, streetlights and
traffic signals, water delivery and wastewater facilities, solid waste facilities, and vehicle and
transit fleet. The community-wide inventory looked at the residential, commercial, industrial,
transportation and waste sectors. According to Milestone 1, in 2007, about 1,305,709 metric
tons of CO2e emissions were generated in the City of Oshkosh. Almost 98 percent of the total
emissions were from the community-wide portion of the City, while the remaining 2 percent
could be attributed to municipal operations.
Analyzing greenhouse gas emissions by sector and source provides a basis on where efforts to
reduce the City’s overall emissions should be concentrated in order to make the greatest
impact. A closer review of the municipal operations revealed that about three-quarters (74.4%)
of the municipal greenhouse gas emissions were from electric usage. A further breakdown of
the emissions attributed to electric usage showed that almost thirty percent (29.6%) of the
electric emissions were related to the wastewater treatment plant, and a quarter (26%) were
from buildings and facilities. Over half (54.8%) of the greenhouse gas emissions were attributed
to electric usage, while another 18 percent (18.2%) of the community-wide emissions were
caused by the burning of natural gas. Looking at community-wide gas emissions by sector,
commercial (46.3%) and industrial (31.7%) businesses contributed about three-quarters of the
greenhouse gas emissions related to electric use and about two-thirds of the emission resulting
from natural gas (commercial, 34.5%; industrial 29.6%).
Since 2007, the City of Oshkosh and UW-Oshkosh have been working to reduce their
greenhouse gas emissions. The City of Oshkosh has received about $690,300 in grant and
incentive money to improve energy efficiency and conservation in municipal building/facilities.
This has resulted in annual utility cost savings and a reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.
vi
The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh has also been aggressive in reducing its greenhouse gas
emissions and is striving for climate neutrality by mid-century.
Reduction targets are used to establish a tangible focal point for local action and change. They
provide an objective to strive for and against which progress can be measured. It enables
policy makers to outline a series of policies, programs and projects whose combined emission
reductions will achieve the emission reduction goal. Short, mid and long-term reduction targets
were established by the Oshkosh Sustainability Advisory Board (SAB), ICLEI Education and
Outreach and Government Action Subcommittee after researching reduction targets established
by international and national agreements, ICLEI communities, Wisconsin and surrounding
communities. The following reduction targets were established:
Short-Term Emissions Target: 25 percent below 2007 baseline by 2025
Mid-Term Emission Target: 40 percent below 2007 baseline by 2035
Long-Term Emission Target: 80 percent below 2007 baseline by 2050
As the City of Oshkosh develops its Climate Action Plan, it should consider some of the
recommendations identified in its current strategic plan, as well as additional policies that will
assist the City in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving the identified reduction
targets.
ICLEI MILESTONE 2: SET A
REDUCTION TARGET
OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 1
INTRODUCTION
The City of Oshkosh recognizes that greenhouse gas
(GHG) emissions from human activity are contributing
to global warming. On September 11, 2007, the City of
Oshkosh signed onto the U.S. Mayor’s Climate
Protection Agreement committing to reduce GHG
emissions to meet or surpass the Kyoto Protocol
targets including a seven percent greenhouse gas
emission reduction from 1990 levels by 2012
(Resolution 07-262). To further this effort the City
committed to adopt the International Council for Local
Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) five milestones to
reduce GHG and air pollution emissions. Milestone
Report #1, the first step in the five milestone reports
was completed on May 6, 2013.
This document denotes the completion of the second
milestone in ICLEI’s five milestone process: Set a
Reduction Target.
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate refers to the average weather conditions in an area. For example in Oshkosh it’s
expected that the climate will be cold and snowy in the winter and warmer in the summer.
When we talk about climate change, we are talking about a pattern of change that is happening
over a number of years. Global climate change means that the pattern of change is occurring
around the world. So why is this important? We know that the earth’s climate has changed
many times since the earth was formed. For example, evidence has shown that the earth has
gone through periods when most of the surface was covered by ice and other periods where
warming have occurred. In the past, this change has been naturally occurring. Today, human
activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels and land clearing activities are contributing to
global climate change at a more accelerated rate.
Global Warming
Global warming is defined as the gradual increase in the temperature of the earth’s atmosphere.
According to NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, the earth’s average surface
temperature has risen around 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit since the late 19th century.1 Most of this
warming has occurred in the last 35 years and 2015 was the warmest year on record since
modern record keeping began in 1880.
1 NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, website: http://www.giss.nasa.gov/.
U.S. Mayor’s Climate Protection
Agreement
Under the Agreement, participating cities
commit to take following three actions:
Strive to meet or beat the Kyoto Protocol
targets in their own communities, through
actions ranging from anti-sprawl land-use
policies to urban forest restoration projects to
public information campaigns;
Urge their state governments, and the
federal government, to enact policies and
programs to meet or beat the greenhouse gas
emission reduction target suggested for the
United States in the Kyoto Protocol -- 7%
reduction from 1990 levels by 2012; and
Urge the U.S. Congress to pass the
bipartisan greenhouse gas reduction
legislation, which would establish a national
emission trading system.
Source: The United States Conference of
Mayors.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
2 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Most scientists believe that a rise in greenhouse gas emissions is causing the temperature of
the earth’s atmosphere to increase. Two greenhouse gases of most concern are carbon dioxide
(CO2) and methane. CO2 emissions are released into the atmosphere whenever fossil fuels are
burned to produce electricity, heat buildings and power vehicles, boats, lawn mowers and other
devices. Methane, or CH4, is a byproduct of organic waste and sewage decomposition.
Methane gas is produced when organic waste, such as paper, yard trimmings, leaves, wood
and food decompose. Sewage treatment plants and landfills are a large source of methane
gas, though not the only source. Methane is 21 times more powerful per unit of carbon, in terms
of its greenhouse effect, than CO2.
The slightest change in average global temperatures can cause major changes in climate
patterns. It may also cause some areas of the world to become warmer, while others may
become colder. Likewise precipitation may increase in some areas while others may
experience drought and water shortages. As a result of global warming, the earth is already
experiencing more frequent and extreme weather events.
Studies have shown that even if substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are made,
average global temperatures will continue to rise. If changes aren’t made and global emissions
continue to increase these changes could be much larger. A study done in 2014 indicated that
within the Midwest, temperatures could increase by 3.8 degrees Fahrenheit by mid-century if
substantial reductions in emissions are made or to 4.9 degrees Fahrenheit if global emissions
continue to increase.2
Local Impacts3
In our area, climate change will impact human health, water resources, agriculture and
ecosystems.4 Average temperatures are already warmer; this is especially true for both winter
and nighttime temperatures.
Human Health
In the summer, warmer average temperatures are leading to an increase in the number of days
above 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Whenever there are extended periods of excessively hot
weather, young children, older adults and people with existing health conditions are more
vulnerable to heat stress. Warmer temperatures furthermore increase the demand for air
conditioning, which leads to an increase in the amount of greenhouse gases being emitted into
the air. When it’s warmer, people, animals and crops need more water. Increased water
2 Pryor, S. C., D. Scavia, C. Downer, M. Gaden, L. Iverson, R. Nordstrom, J. Patz, and G. P. Robertson, 2014: Ch.
18: Midwest. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, J. M. Melillo,
Terese (T.C.) Richmond, and G. W. Yohe, Eds., U.S. Global Change Research Program, 418-440.
doi:10.7930/J0J1012N. 3 For more information on climate change in Wisconsin see Wisconsin's Changing Climate: Impacts and Adaptation.
http://www.wicci.wisc.edu/publications.php. 4 http://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/impacts/midwest.html.
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
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East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 3
demand, increases energy usage needed to produce and treat more water and wastewater,
which in turn increases the amount of greenhouse gases being emitted into the atmosphere.
Water Resources
We are already seeing more intense storms with higher precipitation levels and this trend is
expected to continue. During heavy downpours, precipitation has less time to be infiltrated into
the ground, this strains drainage and sewer systems, and may increase the amount of
sediment, nutrients, pollutants and trash entering streams, rivers and lakes. Intense storms
may also cause flooding, increase the likelihood of property damage, cause travel delays and
disrupt services. Warmer temperatures can directly raise the temperature of lakes, rivers and
streams. Rising water temperatures can harm species such as trout that live in cold water
habitats, and spur the growth of blue-green and toxic algae that reduce water quality. Rising
temperatures could also diminish winter ice cover, which may leave shores more vulnerable to
waves, increase erosion and flooding, and damage fish habitat and property.
Agriculture and Ecosystems
Climate change is expected to have numerous impacts on agriculture, forests, and other
ecosystems. While there may be some short term benefits such as a longer growing season,
and enhanced crop growth due to increased carbon dioxide levels, there are likely to be
increasingly detrimental long-term effects. Warmer temperatures can stress crops and animals,
and increase pathogens and disease. This could result in lower crop yields, and a reduction in
milk, eggs and meat. In addition, wetter springs could delay planting. In the last 57 years,
spring has come earlier in Wisconsin than it used to, and the growing season has been
extended by about two weeks.5 Trees are budding earlier and so are flowers. This is disrupting
life cycles of many of our state plants and animals. Plant species that we are used to may also
change, as temperatures continue to rise and plant ranges shift north. This may impact the
species of trees native to the Oshkosh area.
ICLEI MILESTONES – AN OVERVIEW
The City of Oshkosh has pledged to reduce global warming by completing five Milestones.
Milestone Report 1 – Conduct a Greenhouse Gas Emission Analysis: Baseline Inventory
and Forecast Emissions Growth. The GHG Emissions Inventory and Analysis is an
audit of the activities causing or releasing GHG, and a projection of how much these
activities are likely to grow by a target year. The City of Oshkosh has completed this
report.
Milestone Report 2 – Set a Reduction Target. The reduction target is the specific GHG
emissions reduction goal that the City of Oshkosh aims to achieve by a designated year.
5 http://www.wicci.wisc.edu/report/WICCI-Chapter-4.pdf.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
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4 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
It is usually expressed as a percentage below the quantity of emissions released in the
baseline year.
Milestone Report 3 – Develop a Climate Action Plan. This plan is a description of the
actions, policies, programs and measures that the City of Oshkosh will take to meet its
GHG reduction target. In addition to listing actions to be implemented, the plan should
discuss how each action will be implemented (timeline, financing, and responsibility).
Milestone Report 4 – Implement the Climate Action Plan.
Milestone Report 5 – Monitor Progress and Report Results.
MILESTONE REPORT 1 – A SUMMARY
Baseline inventories for the City of Oshkosh were completed for both municipal operations
(2009) and community-wide (2011-2012) between 2009 and 2012.6 The inventories included all
major sources of greenhouse gas emissions generated within the City.
Oshkosh Municipal Operations
A detailed inventory was completed for municipal operations, which included building and
facilities, streetlights and traffic signals, water delivery facilities, wastewater facilities, solid waste
facilities, vehicle fleet and transit fleet. Total emissions were 25,487 metric tons of CO2e in
2007. About half (52.2%) of the emissions were due to building and facilities (24.2%), and
wastewater facilities (28.0%) (Figure 1). Another third (33.9%) were due to streetlights and
traffic signals (17.2%) and water delivery facilities (16.7%). The remaining 13.9 percent of
emissions were due to solid waste facilities (0.2%), vehicle fleet (8.8%) and transit fleet (4.9%).
The source of about three-quarters of the emissions can be attributed to electric usage (Figure
2). Another 20 percent (21.2%) can be attributed to natural gas (11.3%) and diesel fuel use
(9.9%). A detailed breakdown of metric tons of CO2e by sector and source is found in Appendix
A, Table A-1.
6 ICLEI Milestone Report 1, Oshkosh Wisconsin Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis, May 6, 2013.
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 5
Figure 1: Percent Municipal Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2007
24.2%
17.2%
16.7%
28.0%
0.2%8.8%
4.9%Buildings & Facilities
Streetlights & Traffic
Signals
Water Delivery
Facilities
Wastewater Facilities
Solid Waste Facilties
Vehicle Fleet
Source: ICLEI Milestone Report 1, Oshkosh Wisconsin Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis, May 6, 2013.
Figure 2: Percent Municipal Operations Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source, 2007
74.4%
11.3%
0.3%
0.2%
3.9%
9.9%
Electricity
Natural Gas
Methane Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Gasoline
Diesel
Source: ICLEI Milestone Report 1, Oshkosh Wisconsin Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis, May 6, 2013.
Oshkosh Community-Wide
A detailed greenhouse gas emissions inventory, which included residential, commercial,
industrial, transportation and waste was completed for the community (does not include
municipal operations). Total emissions were 1,280,222 metric tons of CO2e in 2007. Around a
third (31.7%) of the emissions were due to the commercial sector, about a quarter each were
due to the transportation (26.7%) and industrial (22.8%) sectors and about twenty percent was
attributed to the residential sector (18.6%) (Figure 3). The waste sector made up the remaining
0.2 percent of the total emissions. The source of over half (54.8%) of the emissions can be
attributed to electric usage (Figure 2). Another 40 percent (40.6%) can be attributed to natural
gas (18.2%) and gasoline use (22.4%). Diesel (4.4%) and other (0.2%; paper products, food
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
waste, plant debris, and wood and textiles) make up the remaining 4.6 percent. A detailed
breakdown of metric tons of CO2e by sector and source is found in Appendix A, Table A-2.
Figure 3: Percent Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Sector, 2007
18.6%
31.7%22.8%
26.7%
0.2%
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
Transportation
Waste
Source: ICLEI Milestone Report 1, Oshkosh Wisconsin Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis, May 6, 2013.
Figure 4: Percent Community-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source, 2007
54.8%
18.2%
22.4%
4.4%0.2%
Electricity
Natural Gas
Gasoline
Diesel
Other
Source: ICLEI Milestone Report 1, Oshkosh Wisconsin Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis, May 6, 2013.
Emissions Forecast
In 2013, a forecast of future emission growth was completed using a business-as-usual
scenario. The forecast took into account population growth and estimated what the volume of
greenhouse gas emissions would be in the future if no further action actions are taken by the
local government to reduce those emissions. It was assumed that the population of the City of
Oshkosh would grow by about 1 percent by 2017. The City of Oshkosh’s community-wide
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
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East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 7
emissions, based on a population growth rate of 1 percent, will increase approximately 44.5
percent by the year 2017. Therefore the community-wide emissions will grow from 1,280,222
metric tons of CO2e in 2007 to 1,849,505.87 metric tons of CO2e in 2017. It was assumed that
the emissions from municipal operations would not increase.
REDUCTION TARGETS
Purpose
The purpose of setting reduction targets is to establish a tangible focal point for local action and
change. Local governments drive local action and exercise more authority and ability than any
other level of government within their jurisdiction. Setting a reduction target enables policy
makers to outline a series of policies, programs and projects whose cumulative emission
reductions will achieve the emissions reduction target. A reduction target provides an objective
to strive for and against which progress can be measured. It allows a local government the
ability to quantify its commitment to fighting global climate change.
Developing strategies to reduce emissions can help the City of Oshkosh slash energy costs,
thus saving taxpayers money. By taking action now to address climate change, the City of
Oshkosh and elected leaders can be recognized for their leadership on climate and energy
issues. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption can improve air quality
and public health, stimulate the local economy, create green jobs, and make Oshkosh a more
livable, walkable, healthy and accessible community.
Common Targets
Climate scientists feel that global concentrations of greenhouse gases need to stabilize at 450
parts per million by volume CO2e by mid-century in order to avoid the most dangerous future
climate change scenarios. In order for this to happen, emissions from Western industrialized
countries would need to be reduced between 25 and 40 percent below 1990 levels in 2020, and
between 80 and 95 percent below 1990 levels by 2050.7 As a bases for setting targets, the
Oshkosh Sustainable Advisory Board (SAB), ICLEI Education and Outreach and Government
Action Subcommittee researched reduction targets established by international and national
agreements, ICLEI communities, Wisconsin and surrounding communities.
7 Quick Start Guide for Setting Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target, Climate Mitigation for Local Governments:
Milestone Two, November 2010.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
International and National Agreements
Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol was adopted in
Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997. It became
effective on February 16, 2005. The reduction target
for the United States was set at 7 percent below 1990
levels by 2012.8 However, the United States did not
sign the agreement and therefore the target is not
binding.
Paris Climate Conference (COP21). At the Paris climate conference (COP21) in December
2015, 195 countries adopted the first-ever universal, legally binding global climate deal. As part
of this agreement, governments agreed (1) to a long-term goal of keeping the increase in global
average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels; (2) to aim to limit the
increase to 1.5°C, since this would significantly reduce risks and the impacts of climate change;
(3) on the need for global emissions to peak as soon as possible, recognizing that this will take
longer for developing countries; and (4) to undertake rapid reductions thereafter in accordance
with the best available science. The United States has communicated its intentions to reduce
its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent below its 2005 level in 2025. It has set a 17
percent reduction by 2020. The United States is looking at an economy-wide emissions
reduction of 80 percent or more by 2050.9
G8 Nations. At the 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change
Conference, G8 nations agreed that they must limit
worldwide temperature rises to no more than 2 degrees
Celsius; and they should collectively cut emissions by
80 percent by 2050.10 They furthermore agreed that the
world should be able to cut its emissions by 50 percent
by the same date. Baselines years may vary between
countries, but efforts should be comparable. For
example, United Nation scientists have used 1990 as
the starting point, while the United States and Japan have been using 2005 levels. However, all
have agreed that 2 degrees Celsius is a minimum in order to prevent irreversible global
warming.
U.S. Conference of Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement. The U.S. Conference of
Mayors’ Climate Protection Agreement set a reduction target of 7 percent below 1990 levels by
2012. The City of Oshkosh signed this agreement on September 11, 2007.11
8 Though it is important to note that, compared to the emissions levels that would be expected by 2012 without the
Protocol, this target represents a larger cut. 9 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Website:
http://unfccc.int/focus/indc_portal/items/8766.php. 10 http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/jul/08/g8-climate-carbon-emission-targets. 11 The United States Conference of Mayors. Website link:
http://www.usmayors.org/climateprotection/agreement.htm.
Kyoto Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international
agreement linked to the United Nations
Framework Convention on Climate Change,
which commits its Parties by setting
internationally binding emission reduction
targets. Wikipedia.
What are the G8 Nations?
The G8 Nations refer to the group of 8 highly
industrialized nations: France, Germany, Italy,
the United Kingdom, Japan, the United States,
Canada and Russia. The group meets annually
to foster consensus on global issues like
economic growth and crisis management,
global security, energy, and terrorism.
Source: Council on Foreign Relations
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
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Wisconsin Agreements
25x25 Resolution. There are more than 140 Energy Independent Communities in Wisconsin
who support resolution 25x25. Most are partners, and have passed a resolution to adopt the
State’s 25x25 goals. By adopting the resolution, communities have adopted the goal of
generating 25 percent of their energy (electric and transportation fuels) from renewable energy
sources locally by 2025, as a way to advance Wisconsin’s vision for energy independence.12
The City of Oshkosh has not passed the 25x25 resolution.
Governor’s Task Force on Global Warming. The Governor’s Task Force on Global Warming
developed a final report, Wisconsin’s Strategy for Reducing Global Warming, dated July 2008.
In order to minimize the impacts of global warming, the report recommends aggressive short
and long-term goals for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The goals are (1) a reduction to
2005 emissions levels no later than 2014, and (2) a reduction of 22 percent below 2005 GHG
emission levels by 2022. The long-term target is to reach a 75 percent reduction from 2005
levels by 2050.
Agreements in Other States
States are taking action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Minnesota has taken action to
reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Within the EPA region 9, California, Hawaii and Nevada
have also set reduction targets.
California. The state of California under Executive Order S-3-05 set the following greenhouse
reduction targets: by 2010, reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 2000 levels; by 2020, reduce
greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels; and by 2050, reduce greenhouse gas emissions to
80 percent below 1990 levels.13 AB 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006,
requires California to reduce its GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020.14 This is a reduction of
approximately 15 percent below emissions expected under a “business as usual” scenario.
Hawaii. The state of Hawaii, Act 234, Session Laws of Hawaii 2007 was modeled after
California AB32. It limits greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, excluding
airplanes. The state has also established a Clean Energy Initiative which sets the goal of
achieving 70% renewables by 2030.15
Minnesota. In 2007, Minnesota passed legislation to cut the state’s greenhouse gas emissions
to 15 percent below 2005 base levels by 2015, 30 percent by 2025 and 80 percent by 2050.16
12 State Office on Energy Independence. Website: http://www.stateenergyoffice.wi.gov/. 13 California Office of Governor Brown. Website link: https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=1861. 14 California Environmental Protection Agency, Air Resources Board. Website link:
http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/ab32/ab32.htm. 15 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Website link: http://www3.epa.gov/region9/climatechange/hawaii.html. 16 Center for Climate and Energy Solutions. Website link: http://www.c2es.org/us-states-regions/key-legislation.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
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10 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
ICLEI
The ICLEI guidance manual17 recommends a community-wide reduction target of 80 percent
below 1990 levels by 2050. Local governments lead by example and should also commit to an
80 percent emission reduction target for local operations. A recent report Measuring Up 2015,
How US Cities are Accelerating Progress by ICLEI and World Wildlife Fund, states that
hundreds of local governments representing at least 14% of the U.S. population have started
studying their greenhouse gas emissions and setting emissions reduction goals. Many
communities are also working to implementing various measures to meet these goals. Together
these actions can have positive change.
ICLEI Communities
The City of Oshkosh has committed to adopt the International Council for Local Environmental
Initiatives (ICLEI) five milestones to reduce GHG and air pollution emissions. As part of its
review of other ICLEI communities, SAB looked at other ICLEI communities.
Columbus, Ohio. The population of Columbus, Ohio according to the U.S. Census was
11,536,725 in 2010. The City established a 5-year plan (2015 – 2020) to reduce emissions by
20 percent below the baseline (2013). Internally, the City would reduce emissions from
government operations by 30 percent by 2020 and 40 percent by 2030.
Madison, Wisconsin. The population of Madison, Wisconsin according to the U.S. Census
was 233,362 in 2010. The City performs an inventory every 2 years to track progress towards
meeting its overall goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. According to a recent report,
the following targets were set using a base year of 1990: 20 percent by 2010 and 30 percent by
2020.18 The Madison Sustainabilty Plan: Fostering Environmental, Economic and Social
Resilience, 2011 included a target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80 percent, based
on a 2010 baseline, for 2050. Other targets included net zero energy standards by 2030 for
new buildings and developments, 40 percent reduction in vehicle emissions by 2030 and 25
percent of electricity, heating and transportation energy will be from clean energy sources by
2025.
Fitchburg, Wisconsin. The population of Fitchburg, Wisconsin according to the U.S. Census
was 25,163 in 2010. According to an ICLEI study, Fitchburg set a short-term reduction target of
7 percent by 2012, and a medium-term target of 11 percent by 2020, both utilizing a 1998 base
year.19 The City of Fitchburg has signed the Legacy Communities Green Tier Charter.
17 Quick Start Guide for Setting Greenhouse Gas Reduction Target, Climate Mitigation for Local Governments:
Milestone Two, November 2010. 18 Measuring Up 2015, How US Cities are Accelerating Progress by ICLEI and World Wildlife Fund. 19 Measuring Up 2015, How US Cities are Accelerating Progress by ICLEI and World Wildlife Fund.
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 11
Janesville, Wisconsin. The population of Janesville, Wisconsin according to the U.S. Census
was 63,606 in 2010. According to an ICLEI study, Janesville set a long-term reduction target of
75 percent by 2050, utilizing a 2005 base year.
Other Communities in Wisconsin
City of La Crosse. The population of La Crosse, Wisconsin according to the U.S. Census was
114,638 in 2010. The City set the following reduction targets;20 25 percent reduction in electric
usage by 2025 for municipal facilities from 2007 (based on kWhr), 25 percent reduction in
natural gas usage by 2025 for municipal facilities from 2007 (based on Therms), and 25 percent
reduction in diesel fuel usage by 2025 for municipal and Municipal Transit Utility from 2008
(based on gallons). The City of La Crosse has signed the Legacy Communities Green Tier
Charter.
Surrounding Communities
City of Neenah. The City of Neenah, according to the U.S. Census, had a population of 25,501
in 2010. In 2009, the City completed a greenhouse gas baseline inventory for municipal
operations. It has adopted the Wisconsin 25x25 resolution of 25 percent renewables by 2025.
The City is in the process of preforming an updated greenhouse gas inventory.
City of Kaukauna. The City of Kaukauna had a population of 15,462 people in 2010, according
to the U.S. Census. The City adopted the Wisconsin 25x25 resolution of 25 percent renewables
by 2025. Since Kaukauna was at 17% renewable at the end of 2009, the City decided to
expand the goal from the prescribed 25% to 34% by the year 202521. Using a base year of
2009, it set a zero percent energy growth; therefore if the City’s population grows by 2 percent,
energy use will not increase.
City of Appleton. The City of Appleton had a population of 72,623 people in 2010, according
to the U.S. Census. The City set the following goals22: (1) by 2025, energy consumption
(electricity, natural gas and motor fuels) for municipal facilities will be 25 percent less than the
baseline year of 2005; (2) by 2025, energy consumption (electricity, natural gas, motor fuels)
per capita for the Appleton community will be reduced by 25 percent relative to 2005; (3) by
2030, city operations will reduce carbon dioxide emission by 25 percent (or as amended per
subsequent state law); (4) work to implement a regional policy to reduce the percentage of
commute trips by single occupancy vehicles by 10 percent, relative to the established base
year; (5) work with community partners to reduce per household vehicles miles traveled by 25
percent, relative to an established baseline year; and (6) provide proactive maintenance,
operations and upgrades of facilities and equipment to achieve the City’s goal to reduce natural
20 City of La Crosse & La Crosse County Strategic Plan for Sustainability, adopted 2009. 21 25 X 25 Plan for Energy Independence, City of Kaukauna, 2010 Wisconsin Energy Independent Community
Partnership, December 31, 2010. 22 Creating a Sustainable City – A Master Plan to Move the City of Appleton Towards Sustainability, 2010.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
12 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
gas and electric consumption by 10 percent by 2010. The City of Appleton has signed the
Legacy Communities Green Tier Charter.
Targets: Short, Mid and Long-Term
ICLEI recommends that regardless of the long-term emission reduction target set, local
governments should establish interim targets. Short and mid-term interim targets facilitate
additional support and accountability and help ensure a continuous momentum around local
climate protection efforts. Communities should set short, mid and long-term targets based on a
somewhat even spacing between the date the target is set and the date of the long-term target.
In general, a short-term target should be set for about 5 to 15 years, a mid-term target should be
set for about 20 to 35 years and the long-term target should be about 40 years. To monitor the
effectiveness of its programs, local governments should plan to re-inventory its emission on a
regular basis. ICLEI recommends conducting an emission inventory at least every five years.
The Oshkosh Sustainable Advisory Board (SAB), ICLEI Education and Outreach and
Government Action Subcommittee set the following reduction targets from the base year 2007:
Short-Term Emissions Target: 25 percent by 2025
Mid-Term Emissions Target: 40 percent by 2035
Long-Term Emissions Target: 80 percent by 2050
SAB considered the following criteria when setting the emission targets:
Long-Term – 2050 and 80 percent reduction was selected, based on recommended
long-term target dates and reduction targets set by ICLEI, and others. This date and
reduction target has been reaffirmed by the United States written intentions as part of
the recent Paris Climate Conference (COP21).
Short-Term – Based on a long-term target date of 2050, the subcommittee looked at
setting a target date between 2020 and 2025. It was felt that this would allow the City
time to adopt Milestone Reports numbers 3, 4 and 5 and see a positive reduction in
emissions. A short-term target of 25 percent reduction is in line with ICLEI’s guidance
manual and adopted targets by others.
Mid-Term – Based on a long-term target date of 2050, and a short-term target date of
2035, the subcommittee looked a setting target date between 2025 and 2050 and a
reduction target between 25 percent and 80 percent.
It is important to remember that it will be difficult for local governments to reduce emissions by
80 percent without the assistance of state and federal policy changes that create new incentives
and new sources of funding for emission reduction projects and programs. The recent written
intentions by the United States to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 26 to 28 percent
below its 2005 level in 2025 and to reduce economy-wide emissions by 80 percent or more by
2050 should help the City of Oshkosh achieve these goals.
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 13
MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS TOWARD REDUCING GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
City government and UW-Oshkosh have been working to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Some of the things that have been done are listed below:
City Government
In 2009, the City of Oshkosh received a $634,100 Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block
Grant (EECBG) from the Department of Energy. To ensure that the grant funds were being
used to make the largest impact, the City hired a consultant to complete an audit of City
facilities. Utilizing the grant funds and the audit, the City invested in a wide range of projects to
improve energy efficiency and conservation within various municipal buildings/facilities (public
library, fire stations 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19, city hall, wastewater treatment plant, safety building,
water distribution system and filtration plant, senior center north and south, public museum,
convention center and transit department building). Energy and conservation projects that were
implemented included lighting retrofits, building envelop projects, plumbing improvements, and
others. It is estimated that these improvements will save the City about $132,000 in annual
utility costs and an annual CO2 reduction of about 1,810,000 pounds. By late 2011, most of the
EECBG grant funds had been expended. As a result of implementing the EECBG grant money
for lighting retrofit projects, the City was able to secure an additional $55,000 from Wisconsin
Focus on Energy (WFOE) incentive funds. This money was used for LED lighting
improvements at the Convention Center and to replace two aging chiller pumps and related
piping at city hall. It is estimated that the replacement of the two pumps with more efficient units
will save the City an additional $1,500 to $2,000 annually in utility savings. Implementation of
these two projects resulted in an additional $1,200 in WFOE incentives. Furthermore, the City
has also adopted a policy that as street lights are replaced, incandescent bulbs are being
replaced with LED.
In addition, the City of Oshkosh has adopted a strategic plan to guide City actions. The latest
plan, 2015-2016 Strategic Plan, identifies the following key strategic initiatives:
Support Economic Development
Continue to Strengthen Our Neighborhoods
Improve and Maintain Our Infrastructure
Improve Our Quality of Life Assets
Develop an Effective, High Performing Government
SAB reviewed the City’s current strategic plan and identified objectives and strategies that
would help municipal operations and the community reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Twelve
strategies were identified that the City is already working on (Appendix A, Table A-3).
Collectively these strategies have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for
gasoline and diesel fuels for municipal operations and electric, natural gas and gasoline fuels for
the community-wide inventory. Fifteen strategies were identified that the City is not currently
implementing, though some of these strategies have been discussed (Appendix A, Table A-4).
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
14 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Together these strategies have the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for electric,
natural gas, diesel and gasoline fuels, and CO2 for municipal operations and electric, natural
gas, diesel and gasoline fuels, paper, and food waste for the community-wide.
UW-Oshkosh
The University of Wisconsin Oshkosh has been embracing actions to reduce its greenhouse gas
emissions. Some of the major actions that the University has undertaken include23:
Signed the Earth Charter, 2002. This charter was a pledge to infuse sustainability in all
that the University does (academics, student affairs, research, services, outreach,
facilities operations and management and administration).
Signed the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, 2007.
This agreement obligates the university to strive for climate neutrality by mid-century or
sooner.
Adopted Campus Sustainabilty Plan, 2008 and updated this plan in 2014.
Uses STARS (Sustainability Tracking, Assessment, and Rating System) since 2010.
Maintained a Gold Rating since 2013.
o Constructed 6 building to LEED Standards and an additional 4 buildings have
green features: Horizon Village Residence Hall, Sage Hall, Student Success
Center, Alumni Welcome Center, Taylor Residence Hall, Student Recreation and
Wellness Center, Blackhawk Commons, Heating Plant, Titan Stadium, Albee Hall
and Pool and Reeve Memorial Union thereby reducing heating/cooling costs,
electrical usage, water usage, waste, and diesel fuel use.
Improved energy efficiency of existing buildings.
16 percent of purchased power comes from renewable sources, plus the university
generates energy from solar and biomass.
Achieved a 30 percent reduction in solid waste generated from 2000 levels.
Provide free public transit rides to faculty, students and staff.
Phasing out gasoline only vehicles.
Vehicles and equipment fueled by diesel fuels have been switched to 10% biodiesel fuel
mix.
Most incandescent bulbs have been replaced with CFL or LED lights.
CONCLUSION
The reduction targets set in this report, along with the greenhouse gas emissions baseline
inventory developed in Milestone Report 1, will guide Oshkosh’s efforts in the development of a
Climate Action Plan (Milestone Report 3). Actions taken by the City of Oshkosh and the
University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh are reducing greenhouse gas emissions and will help the City
and the community’ meet the established reduction targets.
23 University of Wisconsin Oshkosh. Website link: https://www.uwosh.edu/sustainability.
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission 15
As the City of Oshkosh develops its Climate Action Plan it should take into consideration that
about three quarters (74.4%) of the municipal operations greenhouse gas emissions are from
electric usage. About thirty percent (29.6%) of the electric emissions are attributed to the
wastewater treatment plant. While about 26 percent of the electric emissions are from buildings
and facilities, with the exception of the library (6%), police department (5.3%) and park and
recreation (4.5%) most individual building have relatively small emissions. Other areas that the
City could look at would be street lights and water filtration.
According to the 2007 greenhouse gas base line inventory, about 98 percent of the
CO2e emissions can be credited to the community-wide portion. Therefore the City should
develop strategies to reduce emissions in this area. Considering just community-wide
emissions, over half (54.8%) of the CO2e emissions are from electric usage, and another 18
percent (18.2%) are from natural gas. Commercial (46.3%) and industrial (31.7%) businesses
contribute about three-quarters emissions resulting from electric use and about two-thirds of the
emissions resulting from natural gas (commercial, 34.5%; industrial, 29.6%). Therefore
identifying strategies or incentives for businesses to reduce energy usage may have the
greatest impact. Though a smaller portion of the overall emissions, when identifying strategies,
the residential sector should not be forgotten. Another sector contributing significant amounts of
CO2e is the transportation sector. This sector contributed over a quarter of the community-wide
emissions.
Besides looking for guidance from the City’s current Strategic Plan, the City may want to
consider the Green Tier Program. The Green Tier Program24 is a voluntary program that
recognizes and rewards environmental performance "that voluntarily exceeds legal
requirements related to health, safety and the environment resulting in continuous improvement
in this state's environment, economy, and quality of life." 25 Under the Legacy Communities
Green Tier Charter, municipalities take actions and share information to achieve superior
environmental performance with regard to one or both of the following areas:
Water quality and water resources management; and/or
Sustainability practices.
Signing a green tier chapter may assist the City of Oshkosh in achieving its goals and being
recognized as a leader in this field.
24 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Website link: http://dnr.wi.gov/topic/greentier/. 25 s. 299.83(1m)(b), Wis. Stats.
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
16 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
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APPENDIX A
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s
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r
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l
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h
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t
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2,2548.8%
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n
i
m
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l
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e
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r
0
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M
e
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s
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c
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r
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7
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1
%
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o
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e
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t
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t
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0
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1
3
1
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3
%
1
1
0
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4
%
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4
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1
%
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o
l
f
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r
s
e
0
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0
%
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0
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2
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2
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u
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e
u
m
0
0
.
0
%
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0
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0
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4
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0
%
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a
r
k
s
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e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
0
0
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0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
8
8
8
.
8
%
1
7
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7
%
1
0
5
0
.
4
%
P
o
l
i
c
e
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e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
0
0
.
0
%
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0
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0
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0
0
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0
%
0
0
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0
%
5
3
1
5
3
.
2
%
0
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0
%
5
3
1
2
.
1
%
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a
n
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t
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t
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o
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e
p
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r
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t
0
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0
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0
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0
%
0
0
.
0
%
5
0
.
5
%
3
5
0
1
3
.
9
%
3
5
5
1
.
4
%
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t
o
r
m
W
a
t
e
r
U
t
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l
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t
y
0
0
.
0
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0
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0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
6
5
6
.
6
%
0
0
.
0
%
6
5
0
.
3
%
S
t
r
e
e
t
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e
p
a
r
t
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e
n
t
0
0
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0
%
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0
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0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
4
7
4
.
7
%
4
8
2
1
9
.
2
%
5
2
9
2
.
1
%
T
r
a
f
f
i
c
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e
p
a
r
t
m
e
n
t
0
0
.
0
%
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0
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0
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0
0
.
0
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0
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0
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6
0
.
6
%
7
0
.
3
%
1
4
0
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1
%
T
r
a
n
s
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t
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e
p
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r
t
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t
0
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0
%
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0
.
8
%
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8
0
.
0
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a
s
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w
a
t
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r
0
0
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0
%
0
0
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5
2
.
5
%
3
7
1
.
5
%
6
2
0
.
2
%
W
a
t
e
r
D
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
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o
n
0
0
.
0
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0
0
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0
%
0
0
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0
%
0
0
.
0
%
7
7
7
.
7
%
7
0
2
.
8
%
1
4
7
0
.
6
%
W
a
t
e
r
P
l
a
n
t
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
7
0
.
7
%
0
0
.
0
%
7
0
.
0
%
W
i
n
n
e
f
o
x
L
i
b
r
a
r
y
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
3
7
3
.
7
%
0
0
.
0
%
3
7
0
.
1
%
Tr
a
n
s
i
t
F
l
e
e
t
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0.
0
%
0
0.0%1,26050.1%1,2604.9%
To
t
a
l
1
8
,
9
5
2
1
0
0
%
2
,
8
9
2
1
0
0
%
8
5
1
0
0
%
4
4
1
0
0
%
9
9
7
1
0
0
%
2
,
5
1
6
1
0
0
%
2
5
,
4
8
7
1
0
0
%
So
u
r
c
e
:
I
C
L
E
I
M
i
l
e
s
t
o
n
e
1
,
O
s
h
k
o
s
h
,
W
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
n
G
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
G
a
s
E
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
M
a
y
6
,
2
0
1
3
Total
Ga
s
o
l
i
n
e
D
i
e
s
e
l
Se
c
t
o
r
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
N
a
t
u
r
a
l
G
a
s
M
e
t
h
a
n
e
G
a
s
C
a
r
b
o
n
D
i
o
x
i
d
e
Ea
s
t
C
e
n
t
r
a
l
W
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
n
R
e
g
i
o
n
a
l
P
l
a
n
n
i
n
g
C
o
m
m
i
s
s
i
o
n
A-3
Total
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
Pe
r
c
e
n
t
Me
t
r
i
c
To
n
s
eC
O
2
PercentMetric Tons eCO2PercentMetric Tons eCO2PercentMetric Tons eCO2Percent
Re
s
i
d
e
n
t
i
a
l
1
5
4
,
4
1
6
2
2
.
0
%
8
3
,
4
8
8
3
5
.
8
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
2
3
7
,
9
0
3
1
8
.
6
%
Co
m
m
e
r
c
i
a
l
3
2
5
,
1
2
9
4
6
.
3
%
8
0
,
4
5
6
3
4
.
5
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
4
0
5
,
5
8
5
3
1
.
7
%
In
d
u
s
t
r
i
a
l
2
2
2
,
3
9
7
3
1
.
7
%
6
8
,
9
6
8
2
9
.
6
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
2
9
1
,
3
6
4
2
2
.
8
%
Tr
a
n
s
p
o
r
t
a
t
i
o
n
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
2
8
6
,
2
8
0
1
0
0
.
0
%
5
5
,
99
6
1
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
3
4
2
,
2
7
5
2
6
.
7
%
Wa
s
t
e
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
0
0
.
0
%
1
,
9
2
5
1
0
0
.
0
%
5
8
9
1
0
0
.
0
%
1
3
2
1
0
0
.
0
%
4
4
8
1
0
0
.
0
%
3
,
0
9
4
0
.
2
%
To
t
a
l
7
0
1
,
9
4
2
1
0
0
%
2
3
2
,
9
1
2
1
0
0
%
2
8
6
,
28
0
1
0
0
%
5
5
,
9
9
6
1
0
0
%
1
,
9
2
5
1
0
0
%
5
8
9
1
0
0
%
1
3
2
1
0
0
%
4
4
8
1
0
0
%
1
,
2
8
0
,
2
2
1
1
0
0
%
So
u
r
c
e
:
I
C
L
E
I
M
i
l
e
s
t
o
n
e
1
,
O
s
hk
o
s
h
,
W
i
s
c
o
n
s
i
n
G
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
G
a
s
Em
i
s
s
i
o
n
s
A
n
a
l
y
s
i
s
,
M
a
y
6
,
2
0
1
3
Pa
p
e
r
Fo
o
d
W
a
s
t
e
P
l
a
n
t
D
e
b
r
i
s
W
o
o
d
/
T
e
x
t
i
l
e
s
Se
c
t
o
r
El
e
c
t
r
i
c
i
t
y
N
a
t
u
r
a
l
G
a
s
G
a
s
o
l
i
n
e
Di
e
s
e
l
Ta
b
l
e
A
-
2
:
O
s
h
k
o
s
h
C
o
m
m
u
n
i
t
y
-
W
i
d
e
I
n
v
e
n
t
o
r
y
,
2
0
0
7
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-5
Table A-3: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan, Initiatives in Progress
Goal Objective Strategy/Tactic Impact Area
Support Economic
Development
IB: Identify Partnership
Opportunities
Work with industrial &
commercial businesses
to educate them on
available incentives to
reduce energy
consumption
Community-wide:
Reduction in
commercial/industrial
electric/natural gas
usage
IE: Develop Targeted
Economic Development
plans
Focus Economic
Development Plan
deliverables to further
GHG emission
reduction targets
Community-wide:
Reduction in
commercial/industrial
electric/natural gas
usage
Strengthen
Neighborhoods
IIB: Realign, Update
and Enforce Zoning
Through Rental Registry
Program:
Require/incentivize
energy efficient rental
homes
Community-wide:
Reduction in residential
electric/natural gas
usage
IID: Increase &
Encourage
Owner Occupancy /
Owner Investment in
Property
Public/Private funding
for home improvements:
Require/incentivize
energy efficient
improvements
Community-wide:
Reduction in residential
electric/natural gas
usage
Educate realtors:
Discuss the importance
of energy efficiency and
promote available
incentives
Community-wide:
Reduction in residential
electric/natural gas
usage
IIE: Enhance Crime
Prevention Measures
Increase presence of
bike/foot patrols:
reduces GHG for city
fleet
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in vehicle
fleet gasoline usage
IIF: Identify Funding
Sources
Establish Revolving
Loan Fund to incentivize
retrofits with savings
returned after 3-5 year
payback used to invest
in further retrofits.
Community-wide:
Reduction in residential
electric/natural gas
usage
Improve and Maintain
our Infrastructure
IIIA: Improve Our
Streets, Transit, Bike
and Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Ensure implementation
of Bike/Ped Plan
recommendations to
increase non-motorized
transportation options
Community-wide:
Reduction in
transportation gasoline
usage
Install fleet wide
automatic passenger
counters for better
accounting of ridership
to help track GHG
emission reductions
Community-wide:
Reduction in
transportation gasoline
usage
Replace bus fleet to
promote a more efficient
system
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in Transit
Fleet diesel fuel usage
Source: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
A-6 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Goal Objective Strategy/Tactic Impact Area
Improve and Maintain
our Infrastructure
IIIA: Improve Our
Streets, Transit, Bike
and Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Continue to support and
advocate for complete
streets.
Community-wide:
Reduction in
transportation gasoline
usage
Develop an Effective,
High Performing
Government
VD: Engage and
Educate Citizens.
Market the City and
Communicate Value
SAB only City presence
at Farmers Market.
Keep telling the story
and letting the citizens
know the good work we
are doing
Community-wide:
Potential to impact all
areas of greenhouse
gas emissions
Source: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan
Draft March 2016 ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission A-7
Table A-4: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan, Initiatives Not Started
Goal Objective Strategy/Tactic Impact Area
Support Economic
Development
IA: Establish
Revolving Loan Fund
Write, submit and be
awarded a grant that would
pay someone to assist small
businesses with analysis of
utility bills, to help them put
in energy efficiency
measures.
Community-wide:
Reduction in
commercial/industrial
electric/natural gas
usage
Incentivize retrofits with
savings returned after 3-5 yr
payback used to invest in
further retrofits (like Green
Funds at some universities)
Community-wide:
Reduction in
commercial/industrial
electric/natural gas
usage
IE: Develop Targeted
Economic
Development plans
Incentivize/reward/recognize
industry that contributed to
GHG emission reductions
by making infrastructure
upgrades (simple as a
plaque given at a
luncheon/State of the City)
Community-wide:
Reduction in
commercial/industrial
electric/natural gas
usage
Strengthen
Neighborhoods
IIB: Realign, Update
and Enforce Zoning
Require/incentivize energy
efficient rental homes
Community-wide:
Reduction in residential
electric/natural gas
usage
Improve and Maintain
our Infrastructure
IIIA: Improve Our
Streets, Transit, Bike
and Pedestrian
Infrastructure
Convert Hotel Parking ramp
lighting to LED
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in Buildings
& Facilities electric
usage
Upgrade Existing
Intersections to Activation
as Budgets and Time Allow
- Eliminating Flash
intersections
Community-
wide/Municipal
Operations: Reduction
in transportation/vehicle
fleet gasoline usage
IIIC: Improve Our City
Buildings
Prioritize the need to
improve efficiency of
buildings
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in buildings
and facilities
electric/natural gas
usage
Implement HVAC/Roofing
recommendations to further
efficiency. Be sure to
include attic installation
where possible for greater
efficiency
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in buildings
and facilities natural
gas usage
IID: Manage Our City
Equipment
Develop policy that would
encourage households to
put out only full black bins,
reducing driving/idling time
for collection. Pilot study
needed to determine if this
does save on emissions
Municipal Operations:
Reduction in vehicle
fleet diesel fuel usage
Source: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan
ICLEI Milestone 2: Set a Reduction Target Draft March 2016
Oshkosh, Wisconsin
A-8 East Central Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission
Goal Objective Strategy/Tactic Impact Area
Improve and Maintain
our Infrastructure
IID: Manage Our City
Equipment
Develop policy that allows
for sharing/purchase of
efficient equipment
Municipal Operations:
Improve Our Quality of
Life Assets
IVB: Update Existing
Quality of Life Asset
Plans
Brand Oshkosh Resources:
work with UW-Oshkosh to
tell the sustainability story of
Oshkosh.
Municipal
Operations/Community-
wide: Potential to
impact all areas of
greenhouse gas
emissions
IVC: Implement Top
Priority Projects in
Plans
SAB to provide guidance
when prioritizing projects to
ensure implementation
includes GHG reduction
strategies
Municipal
Operations/Community-
wide: Potential to
impact all areas of
greenhouse gas
emissions
IVD: Implement
Special Event
Coordination /
Management
SAB to provide guidance on
green event planning and
incentivize groups willing to
include waste reduction
strategies
Municipal
Operations/Community-
wide: Reduction in solid
waste facilities/vehicle
fleet diesel fuel
usage/CO2 emissions &
paper/food waste
IVF: Preserve and
Protect the City's
Natural Resources
Create city ordinance that
prohibits IDLING at train
tracks and open bridges
when temp is above 40F.
This will require public
education, but there are
examples from many other
communities where "no
idling" signs are the norm
and the practice.
Community-
wide/Municipal
Operations: Reduction
in transportation/vehicle
fleet diesel and
gasoline fuel usage
Develop an Effective,
High Performing
Government
VB: Improve
Employee
Engagement
Encourage/incentivize non-
motorized commuting by city
employees to reduce
transportation GHG
Community-wide:
Reduction in
transportation gasoline
usage
Source: City of Oshkosh 2015-2016 Strategic Plan
EAST CENTRAL WISCONSIN REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION
Donna Kalata, Chair
Michael Thomas, Vice-Chair
Eric Fowle, Secretary-Treasurer
COMMISSION MEMBERS
CALUMET COUNTY SHAWANO COUNTY
Alice Connors Jerry Erdmann
(Bill Barribeau, Alt.) Thomas Kautza
Patrick Laughrin Marshal Giese
Merlin Gentz
WAUPACA COUNTY
FOND DU LAC COUNTY
Dick Koeppen
Martin Farrell Gary Barrington
Brenda Schneider Brian Smith
Lee Ann Lorrigan DuWayne Federwitz
(Joseph Moore, Alt.)
Allen Buechel WAUSHARA COUNTY
Charles Hornung or Craig Tebon*
Donna Kalata, Chair
MENOMINEE COUNTY Larry Timm
Neal Strehlow
Muriel Bzdawka
Ruth Winter WINNEBAGO COUNTY
Michael Chapman
Mark Harris
OUTAGAMIE COUNTY David Albrecht
Ernie Bellin
Thomas Nelson Steve Cummings
Helen Nagler Ken Robl
Daniel Rettler Robert Schmeichel
Timothy Hanna
Jeff Nooyen EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS
Michael Thomas
Jill Michaelson
Deborah Wetter
* To be determined