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HomeMy WebLinkAbout29269 / 77-03I�ember 19 , 1977 # 3 ���z� :u i,;� PU�2POSE : E�tTER INTO AN AGR�JT WITH OSHKOSH PF�?F"ESSIONAL POLIC�NIEN' S ASSOCIATION INITIATED BY: PERSONNEI, DII'�!�RZME��T WFiERF�.S, the City of Oshkosh has been negotiating with representa�.i.ves of the Oshkosh Professional Policeir�n's Association; and WfiERE�.S, the canclvsions of said negotiations have been reduced to the attached agreement; IvC7W THEREF�RE, HE IT RESOLUED by the Conamn Gouncil of the City of Oshkosh that the proper City officials are hereby autharized and directed t,� enter i.ntA tY:e attached agre�.nt with the Oshkosh Professional Policeme.n's Association for the 1978 calendar y�ar. - 3 - � .�3::�T�1.�:--�n rv , _.____.�.. _,___....�_._.___._� ; � ^ r ' ��� �' - �____._ __..__..� _ _�_� _._.._ �� CONTRACT OSHKOSH PP,OFESSIONAL POLICEMEN'S ASSOCIA710N AND CITY OF OSHKOSH 1978 7ABLE OF CQ'�TENTS ARTICLE { 1lanagement Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 I Work Week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I t Un i form Ma i ntenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I V Compensa tory T i me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V Call In Time and Court Appearances. . . . . . . . . . . V 1 Author i zed Absence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V I I Longev i ty Pay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U I { 1 Pay Pe r i od s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 X I nsurance Benef i ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XPens ion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Previous Bene� its . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , X{ ! Waiver of Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI I f Lay-�ffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XlV Rules � Evaluation Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV Progression of Disc�plinary F:ction. . . . . . . . . . . XU I Educa t i on Benef i ts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XVi( Grievance P;ocedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XV t f I Agency Shop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XlX Mileage Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XX Recognition � Unit of Represe�tation. . . . . .�. . . . Pay Plan PAGE N0. 1 1 2 � 3 4 6 7 � 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 12 13 14 14 � 1978 A G R E E M E N T THIS AGREEMENT is entered into by and between the CtTY �F OSHKOSH, Wisconsin, party of the first part hereinafter referred to as the Employer, and the OSNKQSH PROFESSlONAL POLIGEMEPJ'S ASSOCIATION, party of tE�e second part hereinafter referred to as the Association. IN.ORDER TO INCREASE GENERAL EFFfCIEC1CY, to maintain the existing harmonious relations b�tween the Employer and its enpioyees, to promote the moraTe, w�it being and security of said employees, to maintain a uniform minimum scale of wages, hours, and conditions of employment among the er�loyees and to pro�note orderly procedures for the processing or" any yrievance betwezn the employer and the employees, the fol.lowing EmpToyment Contract is made. ARTICLE I MAP�AGEMENT R I GN7S Except to the extent expressly abridged by a specific provision of this Agree- ment, the City reserv�s and retains, soley and exclusively, all of its Camnion Law, statutory, and inher��t rights to rnanage its own affairs, as such rights existed prior to the execution of this or any other previous Agreement with the Association. Nothing nerein contained shall divest the Association from any of its rights under Wis. Stats. Sec. 111.70. ARTICLE tl WORK ��lEEK The no�mal �•;ork day shall consist of eight (8) hours, and consist af the foliow- ing schedule: Five (5? days on duty and two {2) clays off and f ive (5) days on duty �•ii th three (3) days off. Officers sha11 be paid in accordanc? with the rates listed in Schedule A. These rates include a ten-dollar ($10.00) Bi-Weekly briefing pay aTlawance. _�_ AR`fiCLE IEI UNI�ORM MAINTENANCE The City of Oshkosh will provide unifcr� apparet to alt uniformed personnel at City expense. The items to be furnished by the City sha11 include coats, trousers, hats, �ies, shoes, shirts, leather goods, a�d any other item of uniform apparel that may be required by the City. �niforms will be inspect�d periodicaliy by sf�ift commanders or upon request of the or�icer and replaced.as needed. Replac�ment orders shali be pr-ocessed by the City of Oshkosh Purchasing Division. hon-uniformed personnel snall receive a clothing allowance of $185•DO per year payable in January of each year. In the ev�nt of change of jo�, clothing atiowance shall �e pro-rated from the date of change. Officers transferred into a uniformed position subsequent to receiviny th� clothi�g a11o��ance sha}1 pay the prQ-rated amount back to the City. 7�z uniformed officers working the )ate shift who are required to wear pIain clothes because o` fillin� in for the Shift Ca��;mander p�rio�ticatly throughout the year shali receive a yearly clothing allo�la�ce of $50.OQ. Cleaning and laundry services will be provided for ail o�fficers at the employer's expens�. The cleaning firm a�d cieaning scnPdule si�all bz d�signated by tf�e City. AitiiCLE IV Ci�,MP�ySArCRY T i �! � Llork done in excess of the normally sc�eduled work day or work week shaTl be compensated at the rate of time and on� ha1` in either compznsatary time or cash as the of;icer may choose. All compensatory ti:r;e wi11 be recarded and may be used during the nonth in which it accrues subject to the approvat of th� department head. Employezs may maintain a compensatory tirae balance of no more than forty-eight (48) hours. Unused balances af compensatory tim� or time accumulated irr excess of forty- eight (48) hours shall be paid on the first pay period fotlowing ti�e montf� in �ahich it was accrued at the effective rate o� pay when such time was earned. The formula for co-,puting the hourly rate shall be: Bi-°,�eekly rate + educationai + tongevity -2- 77.2 Nours. All compensatory time accumulated prior to the 3lst day of December, 1965, may remain or may be taken as time off by the empioyees, calcuTated on the basis of straight time. Any balance of compensatory time remaining upon the retiremeRt or separation of the employee shall be paid in cash calcutated at the rate af straight time based on the salary schedule in effect as of December 31, 1965. ART I CLE V • _ CALL IN TIME AND COURi APPEARANCES An officer called io return io duty or appear in Court at some time other than his regular scheduled duty day shall receive th�-ee (3) hours pay for the call or appearance unless the call or aopearance is cancelled by 5 p.m. of the day prior to the call or appearance. The officer, in addition, shall receive time and one-half for tk�e time sp�nt on the call or appearar.ce. Voiunteers shall not be paid the call- in pay. Officers called or sch�duled to appear in court during vacatian shali be paid three (3) hours call-in pay plus time and one-half for time worked and, in addition thereto, shall receive an additional day oT vacation returned. If notification of cancellation is given prior to the start of vacation (including �ays off at t�►e , beginning contiguous thereto) no call pay is given. If cancellatiort accurs tFtere- after, three (3) hours c�lt pay sha]1 be �iven and no vacation day t-eturR shaTi be made unless cancellation occurs on the day af the appearance. On trials Iasting mare than one day, no additio�al call-in pay shall be given after the first day. A call is defined as a requ�st to return to duty at some time otF�er than the regularly scheduted time not scheduled at l�ast twenty-four (24) hours en advance and not immediatety foTlowing the officer's regulary schedule shift. No call or Court Appearance shall prectude an officer from working his regutarly scheduted shift except by his request and upon approval of his department i�ead. -3- P,RTlCLE VI AUTtiORIZED ABSENCE A. Sick Leave Each fuTl time or probationary employee shall accumulate sick }eave at the rate of one (1) working day for each month of service allowed to accumulate without limitation. Such unused s i ck Ieave sEral 1 be An employee may use sick t�ave with pay for abse�ce necessitated b� injury or illness, lt is further recognized that tf�e serious injury or illness of the spouse or cF►ild of thz employ�e may adversely effeit the ability af the empioyee to perform his duties efficiently, and may necessitate the use of sick leave. However, no leave shall be granted under this suosectio� if the spouse of the employee is employed and continues to work during the absence of the officer. It is understood that absences because of illness of the officer's wife, children or other members af the famiiy living at their residence is designed for emergency purposes and the flfficer s�all make ditigent effart to limit such absences to one day if possible. To qualify fo� sick ]eavz payment an employee nust do t�e following: a. f•� Repori his absence prior t� the start of each 41ork day to the department head o� supervisor. Keep his supervisor informed of the cor�ditions if the absence is more than tf�ree (3) workin� days. c. Upon requzst submit a doctors certificate �or such absence. The certi- ficate must state the nature of the illness or injury and whether the employee has b�en incapacitated for the period of his ahsence. d. The employee upon returning to duty must sign an application for sick leave form requesting the sick ]eave b�nefits. Such a�signature shaZl be ack- noa�lee►gement ofi full compliance with atl r@gutations related to sick leave benefits as set forth in this Contract. � fn the event any employee has nisused the provisions contained f�erein or has requested the use of sick leave 4vhen such leave is not authorized by the terms of this contract, the employees absence shall be a•rithout pay. The determination that an employee has abused the benefits contained in this paragraph sha11 not preclude the _4_ �� , employee from using accumulated 5ick leave when authorized by khe ferms.of [his contract in the future nor shali the acc��ulated sick leave credited to [F�at employee be effected thereby. B. Vacation Leave All futt time employees shall be granted the foliowing vacation benefits: After one (_1) year of service - ten (10) warking days. After eight (8) years of service -fifteen (15) working days. After fifteen (15) years of service - twenty (20) working days. After twenty (2Q) years of service - twenty-tive (25) working.days. In the event an employee has not worked the full cateRdar year prior to his vacation such vacation s1�a11 be pro-rated basec! orr the tirte actuatly worked. Vacation will not be carried over from year to year. Those employees reaching their eighth, fifteenth, and twentieth year af service shall earn their vacation for that year on a pro-rated basis. Departmental seniority on sE�ifts sha11 determine the choice of tracation_ The most senior employee shall have first choice of vacation� however, tf�e first choice will be limited to on� (i) time period.which could comprise his entire vacatian or any portion thereaf. Once he makes his selection, the second senior mars witj make a similar selection an� on down through the least senior man on each st�ift. This process wili then be repeated until each �aR has chosen his entire vacation scheduie_ This process shal] bs completed w�th'sn five (5) weeks from the date tF►e vacation time for each man has been certified and sent to the Union by the Chief of Police. Th� vacation schedule is subj�ct to the staffing of the department as determined by the Police Chief. 7he e^ployees are permitted to choose vacation f rom January 1 st througt� Decerrrber 31 st . C. Holiday Leave A1l full �ime employees shall be granted nine and one-half (9�) paid holidays: New Year's Day, Memoriai Day, independence Day, Labor.Day, Thar�ksgiving ."�•� Day, December 24th, Christmas Day, Good Friday afternoon, Washington's Birthday, and one additional fioating holiday shall be granted each employee. Suc�.holiday leave shall be granted as nine and one-hatf (9�} days off in lieu of the calendar halidays. Holiday leave shall be subject to the departmental work schedute and staffing requirements as determined by th? Police Chief. Employees may choose to waive holiday ieave in favor of cash payment. Cash payment shall be computed based on the hourly rate in effect at the � time of the holiday times the number of holiday hours accredited to each employee_ The employer shall be notified of the employee's desire for cash payments by the lst day of October of the preceeding year. A separate check shall bz issued for said holiday pay. A1T holidays shall be cr�dited to the employee January ] of each year and must be used by December 31 of each year except a maximum of three (3� holidays may be carried over to April 1 of th� following year. Hol'tdays nat used within these time limits will be forfeited. D. Emergency Leave EaGh em�loyee shall be allowed paid leave not to exceed three (3) working days for the funerat of such employee's spouse, father, mother, father-in-law, mother-in-latid, son, daughter, stepchild, �rother, sister, grandmother, and grandfathzr. Such leave shall b� only for the purpose of attending the funerai and be the period irr�ediatety preceding and including the date of the funerat or to be the date of the funeral and the days followiny. ARTICLE Vlt LONGEVITY pAY 7he employer sha11 pay the following longevity payments to a�l empToyees covered under this con�ract: � $ 2.77 Bi-Wee;cly after 5 years of.service $ 5•54 Bi-Weekly after 10 years of service � $ 9.23 Bi-Weekly after 15 years of service $12.92 Bi-tJeekly after 20 years of service ARTICLE Vilt PAY PERIOQS All payroli checks shall be availab]e at 7:00 a.m. on every other Friday. In the event such days are legal holidays, checks will be issued on t�e day preceeding. tn April, 1976, the "one (1) �reek lag", payroil systern shall commence. . ARTICLE IX INSURANCE BENEFITS Hospital and Medical Insurance. The emptoyer shall pay up to one hundred and nine dollars and fifty-four cents ($109.54) per month for each enployee towards the premium of the employee's group hospital and medical policy irrespective of the employee's marital status. The City will pay an amount equal to the cost.of the current individuaT group health insurance premium for coverage at the time of retirment for retiring officers until such officers have attained the age of sixty-five (65) years, providing that such officers have n�t obtained health insurance coverage or is not eligible for health insurance coverage through other employment or �ny other source. Any retired employee who. has heatth insurance b�neFits or who is eligible for such bene�its from any source other than the City of Oshkosh shall be ineligible for the benefits provided herein. In the event, howev�r, that the retired employee exerGises the option to retire beTOre age 60, such payment shall then continue for a maxim�m period of five (5) years frdm the date of retirement. {n the event the employee Is ret+red mandatorily, then such payments shall continue until age 65 as prQVidecf herein. �ife Insurance. The empioyer shall pay one hundred percent (100%) of each empToyee`s state group life insurance policy. _�_ ARTICLE X PENSlON In addition to the statutory requireme�ts, tfie employer shall pay to the emp- loyee's retirement fund an aR:ount not to exceed 6i of the employees gross wages. AR7ICLE X{ PREVlOUS BENEFI7S The emp]oyer agrees to maintain in substantially the same manner such present benefits not specifically referred to in this agreernent. Such benefits and policies as may now exist are incorporated herein by reference as though fuily set forth at length. AR7ICLE XII WAIVER OF RIGNTS Neither party to this agreement by such act at the time hereof or s�bs.equent hereto agrees to and dozs �laive any rights poss�ssed by it or thzm under state and federal laws, regulations or statutes. tn the event any clause ar partion af this agreeme�t is in ca�f�ict with statutes of the State of Wisconsin governing munici- patities or other statutes such clause or portion of the agreement shali be dec�ared invalid and negot�ations shall be instituted to adjust the invalidated cTause or portion thereof. ARTICLE Xlif LAY-O�FS lJhen it is deemed necessary by thz City to iay off employees because of ne.ed for economy, lack of work or funds or oth�r just cause, it shall follow the iay-off procedure outlined in Wisconsin St�tutes, 1973, Section 62.13 �5m). ARTICLE XIV RULES � EVALUaTIG"! REPORTS The Association recognizes that the empToyer may adopt and publish ruies from ti��? to time, however, the employer shall submit such rules to the Association for its information prior to the effective date. -$- Evaluation reports of employees shall be submitted to the evaluated empToyee in final f orm and identical to those filed in the personnel office and in the office of the Chief of the Department. ARTICLE XV PROGRESSION OF DtSCiPLiNARY ACTION Progression of disciplinary action shall be as follows: First, oral reprimand or written reprimand. An Association representative may be present with the�employee at the time (or at such time as) any oral or written reprimand, suspension or dis- missal is registered with the employee. The Association may b� furnished a copy of any written notice of reprimand or suspension. A written reprimand sustainzd in the grievance or not contested shall be recorded: An employee shal� have the right to the presence of an Association represen- tative when his work performance or conduct affecting his status as an employee are the subject of discussicn for the record. The City sha11, at all steps of this Article, affirmatively ask the employee if he desires a� Association representative to be present. , ARTICLE XIV EDUCA7lOtJ BEPlEFITS In consideration of the successful completion of tf�irty-six (36} credits from the curriculum of the University of Wisconsin-O�hkosh, or the Fox lfailey 7echr�ica.1 Institute, defined as the Police Administration Program the following scfiedule of benefits and provisions shali apply: ED'JCAT I 01�lAL CRED t TS For every tf�ree {3) credits an employee obtains in the aforesaid program of stwdy he shall receive Si-Weekly payments as listed: � Credits Bi-Weekly Rates 3 $ 2.31 6 �+.61 9 6,92 . 12 9R23 15 t).54 18 13.85 � 21 16.15 � 24 i8.46 ' 27 20.77 30 23.08 33 25.38 3� 27.6g Salary adjustments as contained h�rein shali be made at the beginning of the first pay period in February and the beginning of the first pay period in Juiy of each year upon presentation of satisfactory evidence that the officer has completed the aforesaid courses of instruction. Er.�loyees shat} not be paid for courses completed unless the final grade receivzd is a"C" or better. An additional $15.00 per month shall be paid to the employee vpon completion of 60 credits in the police Administraticn program at the University af Wiscansin Oshkosh or Fox Vailey Technical Institute. All employezs who have completed two (2) years of service are eligible to participate in the educational progran set forth herein. An empioyee wha E�as acc- umulated credits herein prior to the com�letion of two (2) years of service wiTl receive the compensation as provided herein at such time as he has compieted twa (2) years of service. . SENIORlTY CREdtT All officers with fifteen (15) years service as of the lst day of January, 1969, will receiv� for purposes of the pay sch�dule eighteen (18) credits. These credits _�Q_ shall be given in addition to whatever credits they may acquire under the progr forth herein. Those employees who are employed prior to the lst day of January, i9b9, a�ho have not progressed in the educational program set forth herein shall receive for pay purposes only an additional ten dollars ($10.00) per month upon the completion af ten (10) years of service and an additional ten dollars ($10.00) per month upon the completion of twenty (20) years serv�ce. This provision is not to be construed as credit equivalents, �or as additiona� benefits to acquired credits. Those employees who qualify for benefits in the previous paragraph sha]t not be eligibte for the benefits contained in this para- graph. Employees desiring ta take certified courses in the Police Ad�i�istration Program shatl fund said courses through LEAA Grants, Gt Benefit Grants or any other available grant made kna�n to the employee. Should the employee not be able to receive funding for books and tuition from any other so�rce for certified courses in the Polica Administration Program then in that ev�nt and only in that event the City will pay thQ expanses of books and tuition. Should an employee be required to pay back any grant he has received due to termination or volu��ary separation from the Oshkosh Police Department then in that event the City wili reimburse the employee for those expenses due to participation in the Poiice Administration Program. All payments sFall be at the undergraduate rate. !f an employee wishes to take a graduate course, he sha11 be respo�sible for the differences between the graduate and und�rgraduate rat�. (f the enployee drops a class, the employee wi}l be responsib]e far the costs incurred by the City for that course including books and tuition. tf the reason for th� employee dropping th� course is due to a s�ift change, the employee will not be required to reimburse the City. StudenC ciassroom and -11_ study hours shall not be construed as �-�ork nours nor shali such time be subject to compensation. No new employee hired after January 1, tg69, far purposes of the salary scheduie shall be hired in other than the f'srst step of the salary scheduie unless educational achievement is such as the City may choose to start him in a step not to exceed step C of th� salary schedule. The salary schedule is set forth in appendix A and incorporated herein by reference. 0 ARTICLE XVit GRfEVANCE PROC=OURE Both the Association and the City recagnize that grievances and complaints should be settied pronptly and at the earli�st possible stages and that the grievance process must be initiated within `ive (5} days of the incident ar knowledge of the incident whichever is the latter. Any grievance not reported or filed within five (5) days shall be inva2id. A grievance is defined as any dispute or misunderstanding relating to employrent between th� City and the Association and shall be handled in the folto��ing manner: 1. The aggrieved emp}oyee shaii present the grievar,ce orally to his Supervisor either alone or accompanied by an Association representative, or if the employee refuses to prese�t the grievance, the Association may present the grievance. 2. If the gri�vance is not settled a*_ th� first step, the grievance s�atl be presented in writing ta the Police Chief �ithin five (5) days. The Chief shall wit�in five (5) days (Saturday, Sunday, and Holidays excluded) hold an informal meeting �dith the aggrieved employee, and Association representatives, If tne grievance is not resolved to the satisfaction of all parties �vithin three �3) days, {Saturday, Sunday and Notidays excluded), either party may proceed to the next step.. 3• 7he grievance shall be presented in writing to the City Manag�r for disposition within five (5) working days. R�;�onse to the grievance shalt be in t•rriting. -12- 4. If the grievance is not settled under the provisions of paragraph 3 above and one of the parties deems the issue to 6e arbitrated, the party sha11 process the grievance within five (5) days of cc�;�pletion of the provisions of paragraph 3 to arbitration. Arbitration procedures shall fotlow that outlined in State Statutes. The decision of the arbitrator shal) be final and binding on the parties, subject to judicial review. Expenses for the arbitrator's services and the proceedings sha}I be borne - equaliy by the employer and the Association. However, each party shall be respon- sible for compensating i.ts own representatives and witnesses. ARTICLE XVIII AGENCY SHOP The Union, as the exclusive representatives of all the employees in the bar- gaining unit, will represent all such employees, union and non-union, fairly and equally, and all ecnployees in the unit will be required to pay, as provided in ihis article�, their proportionate share of the costs of representation by tFre union. No employee shall be required to join the union, but membership in the union si�alt be made available to all employees who apply consistant with the union constitution and by-taws. Fdo emptoyez shall be denied union membership because of race, creed, color, or sex. � The employzr agrees that effective January l, 19�3, it will deduct from the monthly earnings of a11 employees in the colTective bargaining unit the amount of $1.67 per month, such amount being the m�nthly dues certified by the Ureion as the current dues uniformiy req�ired of al1 me:�bers, and pay said amount to tF�e treas�rer of the Union on or before the end of the month in which such deduction «as made. Changes.in the amount of duzs to be deducted shall be certified by the Union 30 days before the effective date of the change. As to new employees, such deduction shall be made from the first paycheck follow'sng the first (1} day of conpletion af their probatianary period. '�3- 0 ARTICLE XIX MILEAGE POLICY Any time an employee covered by this Ac,�reement is required by the Chief of Police to use his pers�nal auta��obiie to attend in-service training courses or for any other purpose, then in that event the emptoyee shali receive mileage reimbursement at the City Council approved rate for City errployees but in rto event shall the rate be less than 15� per miie for in-city travel and 12� per mile for out-of-city travel. "City"' for this purpose shall be defined as the City of Oshkosh. ARTICLE XX RECOG�Jl710N � UNIT OF REPRES�NiATION 7he City hereby recognizes the Asso�iation as the sole and exclusive bargaining agenfi with respect to hours, wages and conditions of empioyment for tF�e positions of patrolman, detective, sergeant, and lieutenant, exciuding the posi.tions of Chief, inspector, captain, and all other empioyees of the Oshkosh Potice Department. THIS AGREEMENT shall become effective as of the lst pay period of 1978, and wi11 remain in full force and effect to a�.d includiny the 31st day of D�cember, 1978. CITY OF OSNKOSN BY: BY: BY: -14- OSHKOSH P�dFESSiOPdhL POLtCEMEN'S ASSOCIATtON SY: BY: ATTORNcY BY; ' .� CLASS Patrolman Detective Sergeant Lieutenant PPJG. SCFIEDULE A 1978 POLiCE PAY PLAN'� A g 1 Biw. Mo. 2 Biw. Mo. 3 Biw. Mo. �+ B i w . Mo. ,, � � E 499•So 512.28 525.04 537.81 550.57 lu"oZ.25 1109•94 1137.59 1165.26 1i92.90 520.97 533.75 547.67 562.17 578.42 1128.77 1156.46 11F36.62 121II.o3 t253.24 538.51 550.12 569.2b 585.51 602.33 1166.77 1191.93 �233.40 12b8.6o T3o5.o5 552.55 568.80 585•05 60t.87 619.87 �197.19 1232.40 12b7.6t 1304.05 j343.o5 ��) $29.00 per month additional to desk officer when assigned to communication duty •� Official Rates are_ the Bi-Lleekly Ratas .-. t�- ..� � � � +� � � � O N � � O � E-i U � O •,� � O � T . ' 1 ,� i� , � ����� � ,� s.�P ,.. ti ti rn � � � � F� .Q �� r—I N � �' �a U � N �r-I �1 � , .. . ,,, - . -;