HomeMy WebLinkAbout30710 / 80-15May 15, 1980 # 15 RESOLUTION
PURPOSE: Application and Initiation of Air Quality Monitoring
Grant
INTTIATED BY: Department of Community Development
SdHEREAS, the City of Oshkosh has i�een determined to be
a secondary nonattainment arca, and
4IHEREAS, the City of Oshkosh is in�erested in controlling
the oarticulate mztter emissions which have placed it in this
secondary nonattainment area, and
WHEREAS, the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh has agreed
to eza�nd the existing monitoring network in Osfikosh, and to
conduct tests �o deternine the exact nature of these particulate
emissions, and
WHEREAS, the Department of Natural Aesources has agreed
to participate in rthe5e tests fox the entrapmen� of vehicular
dust by paying for the expansion of the City's Street Sweep-
ing Program,
NOS�I, THEREfORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Oshkosh
enters into this Interagency Agreement with the University of
Wisconsin-Oshkosh and the Department of Natural Resources, in
accordance with the attached Interagency Agreement and Proposal
for a Demonstration Project, The City Manager is herehy
authorized to ad�inister this prograr.i.
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S',�E'?'T^»D BY
APP. OVED ' " °"' � �C�.i)
.
Control o� �art�culate Matter Emzssions from Nontradztional Sources in �
Oshkosh, Wisconsin �
A Proposal for a Demonstration Project
1. INTRODUCTION
Traditional sources of particulate matter emission are those sources
that have historically been oP concern to air pollution control programs.
Fuel combustion, solid waste incineration and industrial process sources,
including both "stack-vented" and "fugitiVe" emissions, comprise this
group of particulate sources. Fugitive emissions are defined as particles
emitted from any source other than a smokestack of flue. Traditional
fugitive emissions are particles which escape to the atmosphere from
industrial facilities through windows, doors, vents, etc. rather than
through a stack, flue or emission control device.
Nontraditional sources of particulate emissions are those sources which
have historically not been of concern to air pollution control programs.
This group of sources includes entrainment of dust by vehicular traffic
on paved and unpaved roads and parking lots, motor vehicle exhaust,
automobile brake and tixe wear, construction and demolition activity,
agricultural tilling, and wind erosion from natural nonvegetated surfaces
and agricultural fields. Most of these nontraditional sources are
fugitive emission sources.
The Need for this Stud
c
Section 107Cd) of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 requires each
State to designate any areas in the State which have not attained the
National Ambient Air Quality Standards
matter (TSP) as nonattainment areas
�' � �
CNAAQS) for total suspended particulate
The Federal Register contains a
list of areas in Wisconsin which have been designated as nonattainment
for either primary or secondary standards or designated as unclassifiable.
An unclassifiable designation is necessary when there is a lack of sufficient
usable data with which a classification can be made.
Section 110Ca)Cl) of the Clean Air Act requires states to submit an imple-
mentation plan which provides for the achievement of the primary standards
by December 31, 1982 and the secondary standards as expeditiously as
/
practicable. The Act specifies conditions that must be included in a
State implemenfation plan CSIP). One of these conditions is that the State
shall show, in the interim prior to achieving the standards, reasonable
further progress towards meeting the standards. This includes such
reductions as may be achieved from existing sources in nonattainment areas
through the adoption, at a minimum, of reasonably available control
technology CRACT). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has interpreted
these SIP Revision requirements to include adoption of all necessary emission
limitations and legally enforceable rules for traditional sources, and a
commitment to control non-traditional sources if necessary for attainment,
The commitment to control non-traditional sources of TSP emissions shall
take the form of a schedule to develop, submit, and implement the legal],y
enforceable procedures and programs for controlling non-traditional parti-
culate matter sources.
To provide for clean air in Wisconsin and to meet the requixements of the
Clean Air Act, the State of Wisconsin has adopted legally enforceable rules
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requiring existing traditional particulate matter emission sources whose
emissions have significant impact upon primary and associated secondary
TSP nonattainment areas to meet emission limits requiring the application
of RACT. A second set of RACT rules applying to sources which have
significant impact upon secondary nonattainment areas not associated with
primary nonattainment areas is presently being adopted.
These new RACT particulate emission limitations are more stringent than
the old limitations and will result in air quality improvements in TSP
nonattainment areas. However, analyses of TSP samples collected in many
of Flisconsin's nonattainment areas indicate that nontraditional sources are
major contributors to nonattainment. Tn addition, the air dispersion modeling
analyses done for several nonattainment areas indicate that application of
the new RACT emission limitations to traditional sources will not result in
attainment of the TSP NAAQS. Thus, in many nonattaS,nment areas there is
a need to control particulate matter emissions from nontraditional sources if
the standards are to be achieved. As part of its revised STP, the State of
Wisconsin has adopted a commitment to develop regulations limiting
emissions from nontraditional sources.
Methods for controlling particulate matter emissions from nontraditional
sources include such activities as street sweeping and/or vacuuming, paving
or unpaved streets and parking lots, revegetation of Vacant lots, and
treating unpaved surfaces wi.tt� water� ozl or other chemicals, L�.tt1e is
known about the,effectiveness of these nontrad�tional souree control
techniques. Hence, there is a need for demonstration projects, sucIi as
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the one proposed here, which will evaluate the effect on air qualit of"the
application of an actual nontraditional particulate emission control program
in a Wisconsin nonattainment area.
The City of Oshkosh contains a TSP secondary nonattaznment area (See Figure 1),
Laboratory Analyses of particulate samples collected �n Oshkosh indicate
nontraditional sources to be major contributors to the high TSP concentra-
tions. DNR estimates of particulate matter emission in Oshkosh support
the filter analysis findings. The DNR estimates that about 2069 tons of
particulate matter were emitted from all sources in Oshkosh in 1978. About
62 percent of those 2069 tons C1289 tons� came fxom nontraditional sources.
The DNR estimated that 1036 tons of the 1289 tons came from entrainment
of dust from paved roads. Thusn that one nontraditional source category
accounted for about SOo of all particulate matter emzssions in Oshkosh in
1978.
The air dispersion modeling analysis done by the DNR Por Oshkosh indicates
that the application of the new RACT emission limits to existing traditional
sources in Oshkosh will result in a small improvement in air quality, but
will not result in attainment of the TSP standards. It will� thus, be
necessary to control particulate matter emissions from nontraditional
sources to attain the standards.
For the various reasons cited above, Oshkosh is an ideal place to test
the emission control technique of street stveeping and document its efrect
upon air quality. This proposed demoiistration project will compliment
a demonstration project already �one in Milwaukee and another one proposed
for Superior, Wisconsin. The results of this study wi11 be used by the
Wisconsin DNR in the development of rules to control nontraditional
emissions in Oshkosh and other Wisconsin nonattainment areas.
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Participating Agencies in-the Proposed Study ��
_ �
The following three agencies will participate in the proposed study:
1. The City of Oshkosh
2. The University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
3. The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
The City of Oshkosh wi11 be the lead agency and prime initiator in the study.
As such, they will be responsible for the bu�iget and seeing tfiat the project
is carried out in a timely fashion
street sweeping program.
The City will also conduct the actual
The University.of Wisconsin-Oshkosh will operate the proposed TSP
monitoring network and will perform laboratory analyses of some of the
collected TSP samples.
The Wisconsin DNR will provide funding, monitoring support and technical
support for the project. The DNR will also contract with a testing
laboratory to have selected TSP samples analyzed.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROPOSED STUDY
Overall Objective
The overall objective of the proposed study is to test the nontraditional
particulate matter emission control technique of street sweeping in the
Oshkosh TSP nonattainment area and to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing
TSP concentrations. The overall objective will be accomplished by May 1, 1981.
�S,
Specific Objectives
�
��
To support the overall objective, the specific objectives of this proposed
study are:
1. To better characterize the spatial extent of the Oshkosh secondary TSP
nonattainment area and provide monitoring data for further analysis
Ctask 10�),
2. To quantify the contribution of particulate matter emissions £rom
nontraditional sources relative to the TSP concentrations sampled.
CTask 20�).
3. To identify specific nontraditional sources contributing to TSP con-
centrations by laboratory analyses of the TSP samples collected
CTask 200).
4. To demonstrate the nontraditional particulate emission control technique
of street sweeping through a physical experiment, and to evaluate that
control technique based on social, economic, and technical factors
(Task 300).
5. To recommend strategies for the control of fugitive dust emissions from
nontraditional sources so as to attain and maintain the TSP NAAQS
Statewide.
3. STUDY DESIGN
� ,
The overall study design consists of a before-during-after type experiment
to be conducted during the spring, summer, and fall of 1980.
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A TSP monitoring network will be set up for the study and will be operated
for the duration of the study Csix to seven manths). Monitoring will
commence on or about April 15, 1980. After the monitoring networh has
operated for two months Cthrough June 15) street sweeping will start.
Street sweeping will be done on a regular basis for a period of three
months tJune 15 to September 15), After the street scaeeping demonstration
is completed, the monitoring network will be operated for an additional
two months CSeptember 15 to November 15). The monitoring data will then
be statistically analyzed and the "before" and "after" data will be compared
with the "during" data to determine the effect oY the street sweeping
program on air quality. Selected TSP samples will be analyzed in the
laboratory to determine the characteristics and sources of the collected
particles.
4. STUDY PLAN
A. Data Collection
The data to be collected during the study will be TSP concentrations and
meteorological data <wind speed, wind direction, and precipitation).
These are discussed in more detail below.
TSP Monitorin
a. Monitoring Site Selection C100-10)
There are presently two permanent TSP monitoring sites in Oshkosh. For this
study, three additional hi-volume air samplers wi11 be installed and operated.
The sites for these new samplers will be selected jointly by staff from al1
three participants in the study. The sites will be located relative to tIie
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streets to be swept and other TSP sources such that, considering the
prevailing wind direction, they will provide data adequate to evaluate the
effect of the street sweeping program on air quality. Two of the new samplers
will be located downwind of the street sweeper area and the other one will
be located upwind. The prevailing wind direction is from the southwest.
The two permanent TSP samplers in Oshkosh w9.11 be included in the monitoring
network for this study, so there wi11 be a total of five samplers involved
in the study.
b. Operation of the TSP Monitoring Network C1��-20)
The proposed monitoring schedule for the study is as follows: During the
"before" and "after" periods of the study, the three new samplers will be
operated every third day and the permanent samplers will be operated on
their normal schedule Cevery sixth day?. The three new samplers wi11 be
operated in phase with the two permanent samplers so that all five samplers
will be operated every sixth day. During the street sweeping demonstration,
all five samplers will be operated every other day.
The University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh is presently operating the two permanent
samplers in Oshkosh. During the study� the University will also be responsible
for operating the three study monitors, The University will also be respon-
sible for setting up, maintenance and calibration of the samplers and for
conditioning the filters and weighing them before and after the TSP samples
are collected and determining the TSP concentrations. The DNR will: a)
supply the University with the high-volume samplers and glass fiber filters
for the study, b) assist in setting up the high-volume samplers, and c)
provide ongoing quality assurance for the TSP data collected ciuring the study.
^$_ '
Meteorological Data C100-30) � � �
The meteorological data to be collected during this study are hourly wind
speed and direction, and daily precipitation. These data are collected in
Oshkosh and they are available from the National Climactic Center in
Asheville, North Carolina. The City of Oshkosh will be responsible for
obtaining the meteorological data and transforming it into a useable format.
B. Laboratory Analysis of Filters
Selection of Filters for Analysis C200-10)
A number of the hi-volume filters collected during the study will be selected
for laboratory analysis. Meteorological conditions and TSP concentrations wil
be considered in selecti_ng the filters for analysis. A detailed methodology
for selecting filters will be developed by one or more of the participating
agencies at a later date.
Laboratory Analysis of the Filters C200-201
Laboratory analysis of the filters will be conducted both by the Illinois
Institute of Technology Research Institute CIITRT) under contract with
the Wisconsin DNR and by the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, The purposes
of the filter analyses will be to characterize the collected particles and
to determine the sources of the particles. Tt is especially desirable to
distinguish between particles from nontraditional sources versus those from
traditional sources and to quantitatively determine the contribution from
each of the specific nontraditional source categories. Particle sizes and
other optical characteristics will be determined by optical microscopy,
Electron microscopy and chemical analysis may also be necessary,
��
C. Demonstration Project
�
� �.
The proposed demonstration project will consist of a regular street sweeping
program to be conducted on se2ected streets in and around the Oshkosh TSP
nonattainment area during the months of June, July and August, 1980. The
streets to be swept and the frequency oY sweeping will be decided jointly
by the City of Oshkosh and the DNR CTask 300-10). The street sweeping
program CTask 300-20) will be conducted by the City of Oshkosh.
D. Data Analysis and Evaluation of the Demonstration Project C300-30)
The City o� Oshkosh and its designated subcontractor will be responsible
for analyzing the data collected during the study and for evaluating the air
quaiity benefit of the demonstration project. This will be done by reviewing
the filter analysis results and conducting statistical analyses of the TSP
data collected before, during, and after the demonstration project.
The City of Oshkosh will also be responsible for evaluating the social and
economic costs of the street sweeping program and will evaluate the long term
feasibility of this emission control strategy. The City will also be
responsible for investigating the effectiveness of various local government
regulations in controlling fugitive dust problems, Some 1oca1 regulations to
be considered include prohibiting the construction of unpaved parking lots,
requiring gravel trucks to cover their loads, and establishing vegetative
screens around parking areas. CA literature search will be per£ormed as part
of the background preparation in evaluating the use of vegetation in con-
trolling particulate emissions.)
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E. Re ort Pre aration J��
P P �
The City of Oshkosh will be responsible Por the preparation of the final
report for the study. The final report and all interim reports and outputs
will be reviewed and approved by �he DNR prior to publication.
F. Time Schedule
Table 1 Cattached) contains a time-line chart showing the time schedule for
the proposed study. The estimated beginning and ending dates for each task
involved in the study are shown.
5. BUDGET
The attached budget CTable 2) has been prepared pursuant to conversations
between the three agencies participating in the study, The Wisconsin DNR will
provide funding in the form of a grant to the City of Oshkosh. The City will
be responsible for allocating the funds and overseeing the budget for the
study.
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AN INTERAGEI�CY AGREEMENT
University of tJisconsin-Oshkosh and the City of Oshkosh
-��1�
Control of Particulate Matter Emissions from Nontraditional Sources in Oshkosh, 4lisconsin
The City of Oshkosh has received a grant from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
to test the nontraditional particulate matter emission control technique of street
sweepin9 in the Oshkosh total suspended particulate matter (TSP) nonattainment area and
to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing TSP concentrations. This agreement is a
subcontract between the City of Oshkosh and the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh for the i
performance of certain operations specified in the award from the DNR.
I. Project Title - Control of Particulate hiatter Emissions from Nontraditional
Sources in Oshkosh, Wisconsin
II. Duration of Project - 7he University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh portion of the project
will be performed from April 1980 through October 1980, as outlined in the
attached agreement between the WDNR and the City of Oshkosh.
III. Under the terms of the attached agreernent, the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
agrees to operate the proposed TSP monitoring network, to perform laboratory
analyses of some of the collected TSP samples, to provide data analysis and
evaluation to the City of Oshkosh, and to prepare a final report of its findings.
a. Plonitoring Net�dork - There are presently two permanent TSP monitorinq sites
in Oshkosh. For this study, three additional high-volume air samplers will be
installed and operated. The sites for these new samplers will be selected
jointly by staff from the University, the City and the WDNR, as outlined in
the project agreement (Task 100-10).
b. During the "before" and "after" periods of the study, the three new samplers
will be operated every third day and the perrnanent samplers will be.operated on
their normal schedule (every sixth day). The three new samplers will be operated
in phase with the two permanent samplers so that all five samplers will be
operated every sixth day. �uring the street sweeping demonstration, all five
saroplers will be operated every other day. The 41DNR will be responsible for
all operations of the two permanent samplers.
The University will be responsible for setting up, maintenance, and calibration
of the samplers, ' for conditioning the filters and weighinq them before and
after the TSP samples are collected, and for determining the TSP concentrations,
as outlined in the project aqreement (Task 100-20).
c. Laboratory analysis of the filters used in the samplers will be conducted
as outlined in the project agreement (Task 200-20).
d. The University will provide data analysis and evaluation of the demonstration
project to the City, as outlined in the project agreement (Task 300-30).
e. The University will submit a report on the data analysis and evaluation of
the demonstration project to,the City; as outlined in the project agreement
(Task 400).
IV. As outlined in the grant award froin the W�NR to the City of Oshkosh, the
DNR will:
a. supply the University with tiie high-volume samplers and glass
for the study
b. assist in settin9 up the high-volume samplers
c. provide ongoing quality assurance for the TSP data collected
d. provide major site repairs or instrument maintenance costs
fiber filters
during the study
,,,�e�d�� �.y h�JICC1uCI1L L
. !�,J-0 & City of Oshkosh , ���
V. Bud9et - The City of Oshkosh shall provide funding to the University of
G�lisconsin-Oshkosh on a cost-reimbursable basis to meet project objectives
as follows:
Task Number Task Personnel Equipment
100-20 Monitoring Site Operation $ 8486 $ 500 (travel)
(including calibration, main-
tenance, and data quality
assurance)
200-10
200-20
300-30
400
Selection of filters for
Laboratory Analysis
Laboratory Analysis of Filters
Data Analysis and Evaluation of
Demonstration Project
Report Preparation
TOTAL
500
5I67
1000
500
$15653
450
$ 950
VI. Invoices - Expenditures incurred in carrying out the projeet shall be itemized
and billed in triplicate on a calendar quarterly basis to the City of Oshkosh,
ATTN:
Each invoice must identify the project title_ Expenditures shall be itemized
so as to reflect the expenditure category as outlined in the Budget above. The
final quarterly payment will be provided only after all data, samples, and
reports are submitted and approved by the City of Oshkosh. The final invoice
must be submitted within 60 days of the end of the quarter.
VII. Quality control assurance will be provided by the University of lVisconsin-Oshkosh
to EPA specifics. °
VIII. Amendments or cancellation - Any amendments to/or cancellations of this agreement
shall be negotiated between the University of tdisconsin-Oshkosh Project Director
and the City of Oshkosh Project Director and must be in writing.
IX. Project Officials - The Project Director for the University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh
shall be Professor James I. Hoffman, Associate Dea�, College of Letters & Science.
Each person signing this agreement represents that he or she is authorized to
sign the agreer�ent and to bind his or her principal.
-'�teragency Ayreement ` -3- ' �
UW-0 & City of Oslikosh �
BOAR� OF REGENTS OF THE
UNIVERSITY OF 41ISCONSIN SYSTEM,
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-OSHKOSH
� �� g q'.i.^�
Ja s I. Hoffman, Pr ,7ect Director
�J �� � ���-�� �,� :�-
H. D. Balliett, Rssistant Chancellor for
Administrative Programs & Services
J4fj�.sc�G .;22 / � d'tJ
—�
Date
CITY OF OSHKOSH
Date
�CC�G3Q'���� o0f`'�`ID�G�JCL /!t`i1'�'�`,�J �Os3�^ 't�J�'►J'�`�l
oare:
ro:
From:
Subject:
April 29, 1980
Paul Koziar - AIR/3
Dan Schranmi - LP1D
Eric hlosher �jt,�c C- ,YI �'�n''t
Proposed Oshkosh Street S�veeping Program
STATE OF WISCONSIN
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Fr�e /te/: 4510 �,
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This memo presents the street sweeping program to be conducted this
summer by the City of Oshkosh as part of the Oshkosh street sweeping
demonstration study. This proposed street st��eeping program is based
upon specific information colTected in Oshkosh as well as published
reports of other street sweeping studies. The information collected in
Oshkosh includes an inventory of unpaved parking lots, average daily
traffic volumes on city streets, and the results of an informal survey
done to determine the condition of the streets in the nonattainment area
(curbed or uncurbed, paved or unpaved shoulders, dirty or• clean, etc).
The reports of other street sweepin9 studies aiere published in a document
entitled Control of Reentrained Dust From Paved Streets by Kenneth Axetell
and Joan �ublicatto--` n No.—EPA-907%9-77-07, U.S. EPA, August 1977.
Ideally, it is desirabTe to choose streets f
heaviest dust loadings and relativeYy large
Oshkosh nonattainment area, the streets with
tend to have relatively low traffic vo]umes,
of traffic are relatively clean. Both types
the proposed street sweeping program.
or sweepin9 ir3:ich have the
traffic voluc:�s. Irr the
the heaviest dust loadings
while the streets with lots
of streets are included in
The attached map shows the streets selected for sweeping. 4lisconsin/Ohio
Street, Jackson/Oregon Street, P"ain Street, and Ninth Avenue were chosen
for s���eeping primarily because they are arterials u�ith heavy traffic
volue�es. An area encompassing much of the centrai business district and
nearby industrial areas t�ras also delineated for svreeping. Al1 streets
within that area �aill be swept as part of the study program. The area
includes most of the heavily travelled and dusty streets in the nonattain-
ment area. All of the streets to be swept are located in the nonattainment
area except for the small area on the university campus 4ihich v�as chosen
for s�•ieeping because of the large unpaved parking lots located there.
All of the s*_reets selected for s4veeping will be swept by the city's
broom sweepers every Nonday, l{lednesday and Friday from June 16 through
September 16, 1930. The tota,l lenyth of streets to be swept is 14.7
miles and they will be swept forty times during the study period. At
the city's estimated labor cost of �,5.50 per mile, the labor cost of
the entire street sweeping period will be $3234. Since the city normally
ADJS
T0: Paul Koziar R Dan Schramin - April 29, 19i30 ?, '�
� �
sweeps those streets once per week, the labor cost to the city for the
extra sweeping �vill be two thirds of the $3234 or �2156. At a street
sweeping rate of about four miles per hour, it will take the city about '
eleven hours per �aeek to svaeep the selected streets. That is about
7 1/2 hours more per tiaeek than they would normally spend sweeping those
streets.
Ett: je
cc: �Jarren Renando - City of Oshkosh
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