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Miller's Bay Aquatic Plant Management Proposal — Aquatic Plant Harvester
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Background
Native and exotic submerged aquatic plants in Miller's Bay, adjacent to Menominee
Park reached nuisance levels in 2007 and required action to restore navigation to Lake
Winnebago from the sailboat mooring area and the boat landing located at the south
end of the bay. The action taken by the city of Oshkosh was to contract with a aquatic
plant firm to apply chemical treatments of three areas totaling 21.31 acres on June 10,
26 and July 30, 2008 at a total cost of $20,577.60. These treatments resulted in the
immediate relief to navigation. While the chemical treatment was effective at clearing
aquatic plant life, there had not been a thorough study of the bay's plant life, and there
remained no management plan for the bay.
The chemical treatments of the Miller's Bay were paid for partially by an Aquatic
Invasive Species grant from the Department of Natural Resources. Part of the grant
required that the city have a plant survey conducted of the bay and a management plan
drafted. The aquatic management firm Onterra was contracted to complete the study.
Their plant survey found that invasive species were not the main nuisance plants.
Instead, they identified native species Coontail as the primary nuisance plant. The
Onterra plant survey concluded that the plant life in Miller's Bay is indicative of a
disturbed system. This disturbance in Miller's Bay is a result of the following: heavy
human usage including heavy boater traffice, and it is completely surrounded by
maintained lawn and impervious parking areas which result in urban runoff.
Aqautic Plant Management: Mechanical Harvesting vs. Chemical Treatment
Onterra's study evaluated the management options for the aquatic plant community.
They listed four management options:
1) do nothing
2) dredging
3) chemical treatment
4) mechanical harvest.
Options one and two were quickly discounted due to ineffectiveness (option 1) and cost
(option 2). The other options were broken down by cost and by other pros and cons.
Onterra recommended that 16 acres be maintained for navigation and additional areas
be cleared to improve fish habitat and fishing opportunities.
To annually maintain 16 acres for navigation, the projected cost was $14,240 using a
less expensive herbicide than was used in the 2008. Three annual cuttings with a
mechanical harvester would total $8,625. The cost of harvesting includes the cost of
labor, maintenance, other expenses and the cost of purchasing the harvester after a
possible 50% match through a DNR grant.
New harvesters cost approximately $100,000. In July 2009, five used harvesters were
available from Aquarius Systems, North Prairie, WI ranging from $13,500 to $25,000.
Purchasing a used harvester would significantly reduce the startup costs. Further
reducing the costs to the city would be contracting the harvester to nearby communities,
groups such as the Winnebago Lakes Council, and individuals. There are currently 9
permit holders for nuisance plant control in the area that may benefit from mechanical
harvesting.
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Figure 1. Onterra's recommended 16 acre harvest area to facilitate navigation.
Mechanical harvesting has many benefits over chemical treatment. A primary benefit is
that harvesting can be done as appropriate, if needed at all. For a chemical treatment
to be most effective, it needs to be applied early in the Spring, before the city can
determine how the season will be or how the plants will grow. A dry and cool Spring will
often result in significantly inhibited plant growth. In the Spring / Summer of 2009, no
chemical treatment was applied, and yet there was not a plant nuissance issue. The city
is currently looking into an early Spring chemical application throughout Millers Bay in
2010. But if Oshkosh experiences another cool or dry Spring, this chemical treatment
will be unnecessary and a waste of limited financial resources. Owning a mechanical
harvester allows the city to harvest as necessary. According to city staff at the Onterra
presentation meeting, cuttings that took place in the past when Oshkosh contracted
services were to a depth of about'/ of the depth permissiable to cut. These cuttings
were considered adequate for about 10 -14 days. By cutting to the full permissible
depth, each cutting may then be adequate for 20 -28 days or longer. There may be
many seasons in which only one or even no cuttings are needed, thereby saving the city
significantly..
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A second advantage of a mechanical harvester is public perception. The chemical
application of herbicides directly into Miller's Bay entails chemical professionals wearing
hazardous material suites spraying herbicides into the water where thousands of
Oshkosh residents fish, boat, and swim. This process creates an image of irrisponsibility
and disregard for the environment and of the valuable water resources of our
community. As the city continues to move towards sustainability and as the city
continues its branding of "Oshkosh on the Water ", it is extremely important that the city
promote the healthy and positive public image of sustainable water stewardship.
A third advantage of a mechanical harvester is that plants are cut in the water and then
removed to be composted, leaving few plants to decay in the water to and the feed
algae blooms which can turn the water green and mucky. Leaving the plant cuttings in
the water can result in a significant absorbtion of oxygen by the decaying plants,
impairing the Oxygen levels necessary for healthy fish populations. Further, the
removed plant life may be utilized by the UW Oshkosh biodigester to produce
renewable energy resources within our community.
The fourth advantage of a mechanical harvester is that it is consistent with municipal
language and with what the public supports. In surveys conducted in 2002 that were
used as a guide for the development of the city's comprehensive plan, residents
identified water quality and protection as most important. The comprehensive plan
goals call for the protection and preservation of our water resources, shorelands, and
environmentally sensitive areas. The comprehensive plan calls for a local water quality
initiative while questioning the use of chemical fertilizers and weed control.
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Recommendations
After weighing the costs and benefits of harvesting vs. chemical treatment, Onterra
recommended the purchasing of a harvester as the most effective and appropriate
primary aquatic plant management solution.
The Oshkosh Sustainability Board supports this recommendation and advises the Parks
Board and the Oshkosh Common Council to seek the purchase of an aquatic plant
harvester. We further recommend that a comprehensive Millers Bay Aquatic
Management plan be developed for the wildlife, fish, and water quality of this distrurbed
system.
We further recommend that chemical use in 2010, should a harvester not yet be
purchased, be limited to an as- needed basis and restricted to isolated areas necessary
for effective boating.