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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUW Milwaukee Archaeological Data Recovery Plan Lakeshore Golf CourseAGREEMENT This AGREEMENT, made on the (O day of M2018, by and between the CITY OF OSHKOSH, party of the first part, hereinafter referred to as CITY, and BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN ON BEHALF OF THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN -MILWAUKEE ("University"), Department of Anthropology -Sabin 290, PO Box 413, Milwaukee, WI 53201, party of the second part, hereinafter referred to as the CONSULTANT, WITNESSETH: The CITY and the CONSULTANT, for the consideration hereinafter named, enter into the following AGREEMENT for ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA RECOVERY PLAN FOR PORTION OF LAKESHORE MUNICIPAL GOLF COURSE SITE. ARTICLE I. PROJECT MANAGER A. Assignment of Project Manager. The CONSULTANT shall assign the following individual to manage the PROJECT described in this AGREEMENT: Jennifer R. Haas, M.A. - Principal Investigator B. Changes in Project Manager. The CITY shall have the right to approve or disapprove of any proposed change from the individual named above as Project Manager. The CITY shall be provided with a resume or other information for any proposed substitute and shall be given the opportunity to interview that person prior to any proposed change. ARTICLE II. CITY REPRESENTATIVE The CITY shall assign the following individual to manage the PROJECT described in this AGREEMENT: James Rabe, P.E., CPESC - Director of Public Works ARTICLE III. SCOPE OF WORK The CONSULTANT shall provide the services described in the CONSULTANT's Proposal. CITY may make or approve changes within the general Scope of Services in this AGREEMENT. If such changes affect CONSULTANT's cost of or time required for performance of the services, an equitable adjustment will be made through an amendment to this AGREEMENT. All reports and tangible deliverables created under this AGREEMENT shall be the property of the CITY. All original data shall remain the property of CONSULTANT. 1:\ Engineering \ 2018 CONTRACTS \ 18-14 Oshkosh Ave Area \ ProjeM_Information \ Contract Page 1 of 5 Info \ Consultant Agreements \ UWM-Data Recovery \ U WM Data Recovery Agreement_2-12-18.docx ARTICLE IV. STANDARD OF CARE The standard of care applicable to CONSULTANT's services will be the degree of skill and diligence normally employed by professional consultants or consultants performing the same or similar services at the time said services are performed. CONSULTANT will re -perform any services not meeting this standard without additional compensation. ARTICLE V. CITY RESPONSIBILITIES The CITY shall furnish, at the CONSULTANT's request, such information as is needed by the CONSULTANT to aid in the progress of the PROJECT, providing it is reasonably obtainable from City records. To prevent any unreasonable delay in the CONSULTANT's work, the CITY will examine all reports and other documents and will make any authorizations necessary to proceed with work within a reasonable time period. ARTICLE VI. TIME OF COMPLETION The work to be performed under this AGREEMENT shall be commenced and the work completed within the time limits as agreed upon in the CONSULTANT's Proposal. The CONSULTANT shall perform the services under this AGREEMENT with reasonable diligence and expediency consistent with sound professional practices. The CITY agrees the CONSULTANT is not responsible for damages arising directly or indirectly from any delays for causes beyond the CONSULTANT's control. For the purposes of this AGREEMENT, such causes include, but are not limited to, strikes or other labor disputes, severe weather disruptions or other natural disasters, failure of performance by the CITY, or discovery of any hazardous substances or differing site conditions. If the delays resulting from any such causes increase the time required by the CONSULTANT to perform its services in an orderly and efficient manner, the CONSULTANT shall be entitled to an equitable adjustment in schedule. ARTICLE VII. COMPONENT PARTS OF THE AGREEMENT This AGREEMENT consists of the following component parts, all of which are as fully a part of this AGREEMENT as if herein set out verbatim, or if not attached, as if hereto attached: 1. This Instrument 2. CONSULTANT's Proposal dated January 24, 2018 and attached hereto In the event any provision in any of the above component parts of this AGREEMENT conflicts with any provision in any other of the component parts, the provision in the component part first enumerated above shall govern over any other component part which follows it numerically except as may be otherwise specifically stated. I: \ Engineering \ 2018 CONTRACTS \ 18-14 Oshkosh Ave Area \ Pmject_Information\ Contract Page 2 of 5 Info \ Consultant Agreements \ U WM-Data Recovery \ U WM Data Recovery Agmement_2-12-18.docx ARTICLE VIII. PAYMENT A. The Agreement Sum. The CITY shall pay to the CONSULTANT for the performance of the AGREEMENT the total sum as set forth below, adjusted by any changes hereafter mutually agreed upon in writing by the parties hereto: Time and Materials Not to Exceed $183,613.08 (One Hundred Eighty Three Thousand Six Hundred Thirteen Dollars and Eight Cents). B. Method of Payment. The CONSULTANT shall submit itemized monthly statements for services. The CITY shall pay the CONSULTANT within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt of such statement. If any statement amount is disputed, the CITY may withhold payment of such amount and shall provide to CONSULTANT a statement as to the reason(s) for withholding payment. C. Additional Costs. Costs for additional services shall be negotiated and set forth in a written amendment to this AGREEMENT executed by both parties prior to proceeding with the work covered under the subject amendment. ARTICLE IX. HOLD HARMLESS To the extent authorized by the laws of the State of Wisconsin governing liability of State agencies, including in particular Sec. 893.82 and 895.46(1) of the Wisconsin Statutes, the CONSULTANT covenants and agrees to protect and hold the City of Oshkosh harmless against all actions, claims, and demands which may be to the proportionate extent caused by or result from the intentional or negligent acts of the CONSULTANT, his/her agents or assigns, his/her employees, or his/her subcontractors related however remotely to the performance of this AGREEMENT or be caused or result from any violation of any law or administrative regulation, and shall indemnify or refund to the CITY all sums including court costs, attorney fees, and punitive damages which the CITY may be obliged or adjudged to pay on any such claims or demands within thirty (30) days of the date of the CITY's written demand for indemnification or refund for those actions, claim, and demands caused by or resulting from intentional or negligent acts as specified in this paragraph. Subject to any limitations contained in Sec. 893.80 and any similar statute, of the Wisconsin Statutes, the CITY further agrees to hold CONSULTANT harmless from any and all liability, including claims, demands, losses, costs, damages, and expenses of every kind and description (including death), or damages to person or property arising out of re -use of the documents without consent where such liability is founded upon or grows out of the acts or omission of any of the officers, employees or agents of the City of Oshkosh while acting within the scope of their employment. L\ Engineering\ 2018 CONTRACTS \ 18-14 Oshkosh Ave Area \ Project_Info=ation\ Contract Page 3 of 5 Info\Consultant Agreements\UWM-Data Recovery\UWM Data Recovery Agreement_2-12-18.docx ARTICLE X. INSURANCE The CONSULTANT is self-funded for liability (including general, professional, and automobile) under Secs. 895.46, 893.82, and 20.505(2)(k) of the Wisconsin Statutes. This protection provides coverage of the University's officers, employees, and agents, while in the course and scope of their duties. The State of Wisconsin Liability Program is funded to pay in excess of $1 million for negligent acts or omissions of its officers, employees, and agents, in accordance with the statutes. Coverage is continuous under the law. ARTICLE XI. TERMINATION A. For Cause. If the CONSULTANT shall fail to fulfill in timely and proper manner any of the obligations under this AGREEMENT, the CITY shall have the right to terminate this AGREEMENT by written notice to the CONSULTANT. In this event, the CONSULTANT shall be entitled to compensation for any satisfactory, usable work completed. B. For Convenience. The CITY may terminate this AGREEMENT at any time by giving written notice to the CONSULTANT no later than ten (10) calendar days before the termination date. If the CITY terminates under this paragraph, then the CONSULTANT shall be entitled to compensation for any satisfactory work performed to the date of termination. This document and any specified attachments contain all terms and conditions of the AGREEMENT and any alteration thereto shall be invalid unless made in writing, signed by both parties and incorporated as an amendment to this AGREEMENT. ARTICLE XII. RE -USE OF PROJECT DOCUMENTS All reports, drawings, specifications, documents, and other deliverables of CONSULTANT, whether in hard copy or in electronic form, are instruments of service for this PROJECT, whether the PROJECT is completed or not. The CITY agrees to indemnify CONSULTANT and CONSULTANT's officers, employees, subcontractors, and affiliated corporations from all claims, damages, losses, and costs, including, but not limited to, litigation expenses and attorney's fees arising out of or related to the unauthorized re -use, change, or alteration of these project documents. ARTICLE XIII. SUSPENSION, DELAY, OR INTERRUPTION OF WORK The CITY may suspend, delay, or interrupt the services of CONSULTANT for the convenience of the CITY. In such event, CONSULTANT's contract price and schedule shall be equitably adjusted. I:\Engineering\2018 CONTRACTS\18-14 Oshkosh Ave Area\ Project_Information\Contract Page 4 of 5 Info\Consultant Agreements\UWM-Data Recovery\UWM Data Recovery Agreement_2-12-18.docx ARTICLE XIV. NO THIRD -PARTY BENEFICIARIES This AGREEMENT gives no rights or benefits to anyone other than CITY and CONSULTANT and has no third -party beneficiaries. In the Presence of: Seal of Consultant if a Corporation.) CONSULTANT By: Z .Z1I ?d/8 Associate Director Specify Title) Specify Title) CITY OF OSHKOSH By: Witness) Mark A. Rohloff, City Manager ` And: Witness) Pamela R. Ubrig, City Cler APPROVED: 4AVr ey I hereby certify that the necessary provisions have been made to pay the liability which will accrue under this AGREEMENT. City Comptroller L \ Engineering\ 2018 CONTRACTS \ I8-14 Oshkosh Ave Area \ Project_Information \ Contract Page 5 of 5 Info \ Consultant Agreements \ U WM-Data Recovery\ U W M Data Recovery Agreement_2-12-18.docx UNIVERSITYof WISCONSIN RECEIVED UWM LT"MILWAUKEECRM JAN 3 0 2018 UWM Cultural Resource Managemeapp-1, Or' pU BLIC WORKS Hebnyro Engin the FPorre NcOePa SHK()S11,C tv.. Sabin Hall, Rm 290 3413 N. Downer Avc liihvaitkcc, NVI 53211-0413 414 229-3078 phone 414 229-5848 lax Kelly Neiforth Economic Development Manager City of Oshkosh 215 Church Avenue Oshkosh, WI 54903 January 24, 2018 RE: Cost Proposal Archaeological Data Recovery Plan for the Golf Course Site (47WN0049) City of Oshkosh Dear Ms. Neiforth, The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System through the Cultural Resource Management services Department of Anthropology) at the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee (UWM) proposes to provide archaeological investigations for the above referenced project. The scope is detailed in the Data Recovery Plan for the Golf Course Site (47WN0049), City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin, dated December 11, 2017. The cost assumes the following: 1) No additional elements are added to the Data Recovery Plan following consultation with Wisconsin Historical Society and the Wisconsin DNR; 2) Up to 200 cultural (non -burial) features are identified during the course of excavations; 3) Up to 3 burial related features are encountered during the course of the excavations; 4) The City of Oshkosh will provide appropriate heavy equipment; and 5) All consultation with agencies and stakeholders is included within the scope and cost. The attached budget proposal includes projected salaries, travel expenses and supply costs associated with the proposed level of field and reporting. In addition, UWM requires each funded project to recover the costs of personnel related expenses under the heading of Fringe Benefits. The cost of physical plant maintenance and contract administration are recovered under the heading of Indirect Costs. As a municipal partner, we offer a reduced rate (15 percent) for Indirect Costs. UWM- CRM does not charge profit on funded projects. UWMClih# 2018-007 Golf Course Site Mitigation January 24, 2017 The cost represents a not -to -exceed figure. The City of Oshkosh will only be invoiced for actual costs. The cost is provided as Attachment 1. As always, if there are questions or concerns regarding the scope of work, or to further discuss the project, please do not hesitate to contact me at (414) 229-3078 or at haasjrna uwm.edu. Sincerely, Jennifer R. Haas, M.A. Principal Investigator 2• University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Cultural Resource Management BUDGET ESTIMATE 2018-007 Archaeological Data Recovery Golf Course Site City of Oshkosh DIRECT COSTS A: SALARIES & WAGES PERSONNEL Senior LTE Students TASK Title 1$/hr Hrs Total$ Title F$/hr Hrs Total$ Title1$/hr Hrs Total$ Coordination Principal Inv. 37.5 60 2,250.00 Administration Areo otagy Principal Inv. 37.5 40 1,500.00 Crew Chief 17.75 160 2 ,840.00 Field Sr Proj Mgr 25 40 1,000.00 Technician 17.75 640 11,360.00 Field Director 23.96 140 3,354.40 Technician 17 240 4,080.00 Investigations Proj Mgr 23.96 100 2,396.00 GIS Analyst 22.92 25 573.00 La oratory Principal Inv. 37.5 20 750.00 Lab Technician 17.75 80 1,420.00 Technician 15.00 1200 18,000.00 Report Lab Analyst 17.75 320 5,680.00 Technician 15 320 4,800.00 Proj Mgr 23.96 960 23,001.60 Specialist Analysis 23.96 960 23,001.60 GIS Analyst 22.92 80 1,833.60 SUBTOTAL LABOR$ 59,660.20 25,380.00 22,800.00 TOTALLABOR$ 107,840.20 B: FRINGE BENEFITS 35% of Senior Personnel 20,881.07 8.6% of LTE Personnel 2,182.68 3.2% of Student Personnel 729.60 TOTAL FRINGE BENEFITS 23,793.35 C: SUPPLIES & EXPENSES Supplies 250.00 Meals 145 person days at $51 8,160.00 Lodging 145 person days at $93 14,880.00 Vehicle Rental & Gasoline 4,740.00 TOTAL SUPPLIES 28,030.00 D: TOTAL DIRECT COSTS A+B+C) r $159,663.55 E: INDIRECTCOSTS DX.15) 23,949.53 TOTAL PROJECT COSTS D+E) 183,613.08 DATA RECOVERY PLAN FOR THE GOLF COURSE SITE (47WN0049), CITY OF OSHKOSH, WINNEBAGO COUNTY RECEIVED Prepared by FEB - 5 2018 Jennifer R. Haas, M.A, Principal Investigator DEPT OFPUBLIC WORKS OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN Report Prepared for: City of Oshkosh 215 Church Avenue Oshkosh, Wisconsin 54903 Wisconsin Historical Society 816 State Street Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 2300 N. Martin Luther King Drive Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53212 DRAFT December 11, 2017 University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Cultural Resource Management Department of Anthropology Archaeological Research Laboratory r°IVERS rrYurW-iscossiN UWM-CRM Project 2017-563 UtAMILWAUKEE Milwaukee, Wisconsin December 2017 Page Deliberately Left Blank City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County i Data Recovery Place for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Page Deliberately Left Blank City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County iii TABLE OF CONTENTS MAIN CONTENTS Introductionand Project Background.........................................................................................1 Introduction................................................................................................................................... l Project Location and Setting......................................:....................................................................1 ResearchDesign...........................................................................................................................6 Introduction...................................................................................................................................6 FieldMethods..............................................................................................................................10 LateWoodland Overview...............................................................................................................6 ShovelTesting...........................................................................................................................10 ResearchQuestions........................................................................................................................7 MechanicalExcavation..............................................................................................................10 Culture History and Chronology....................................................................................................7 Excavation of Features and Artifact Concentrations..................................................................12 Diagnostic Artifacts and Material Culture......................................................................................8 FieldDocumentation................................................................................................................12 Site Activities and Function............................................................................................................8 SubsistenceEconomy.....................................................................................................................8 SettlementPatterns.........................................................................................................................9 Flotation Sample Processing......................................................................................................12 Inter -Regional and Intra -Regional Interaction................................................................................9 Samples for Radiocarbon Assays................................................................................................12 ResearchMethods and Personnel...............................................................................................10 Accidental Discovery of Human Remains.................................................................................12 Introduction.................................................................................................................................10 FieldMethods..............................................................................................................................10 ShovelTesting...........................................................................................................................10 MechanicalExcavation..............................................................................................................10 Excavation of Features and Artifact Concentrations..................................................................12 FieldDocumentation................................................................................................................12 Sampling for Specialized Analysis..............................................................................................12 Flotation Sample Processing......................................................................................................12 Samples for Radiocarbon Assays................................................................................................12 Accidental Discovery of Human Remains.................................................................................12 InitialProcedures......................................................................................................................13 CeramicAnalysis....................................:.................................................................................13 LithicAnalysis.........................................................................................................................1.3 FaunalAnalysis.........................................................................................................................13 Floral Analysis-Macrorema ins ...................................................................................................14 AnalyticalMethods...................................................................................................................14 Cataloguing..............................................................................................................................15 Curation...................................................................................................................................15 Reporting.....................................................................................................................................15 InterimUpdates........................................................................................................................15 DraftReport.............................................................................................................................15 iv Data Recovery Plan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Schedule.......................................................................................................................................15 ReferencesCited........................................................................................................................17 FIGURES Figure 1.Location of the Golf Course (47WN0049) site....................................................................2 Figure 2.1-ocation of the Golf Course (47WN0049) relative to the proposed future development ...... 3 Figure 3.Project location within the Middle Fox River Passageway......................................................5 Figure 4. Areas of the Golf Course (47WN0049) site for data recovery and for preservationin place.........................................................................................................................11 City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County I INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT BACKGROUND Introduction The Data Recovery Plan (hereafter, Plan) presented in this document was designed by Cultural Resource Management at the University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Department of Anthropology (UWM- CRM) on behalf of the City of Oshkosh relative to archaeological site 47WN0049 Golf Course. The Golf Course site is being treated as eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places NRNP) (Haas et al. 2017). Future development of the Lakeshore Golf Course will result in an adverse effect to a portion of the Golf Course site 471WN0049). Data recovery is an appropriate technique for this archaeological site. The Plan will serve as mitigation to offset and reduce the adverse effect pursuant to Wisconsin Statute 44.40 (3). The Plan follows those procedures and methods stipulated in the Guide for Public Archeology, as Revised (2012). This Plan was reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Office and the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WisDNR) Historic Preservation Officer for compliance with Wisconsin Statute 44.40. Project Location and Setting The Golf Course site is located along a sandy ridge along the south shore of Lake Butte des Mortes near the Fox River outlet (Figure 1, Figure 2). The site is within Section 10 of Township 18 North, Range 15 East within the City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin. In a regional perspective, the project area occurs within the Middle Fox River Passageway, a riverine- lacustrine network that links the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River Valley (Figure 3). The portage between the Upper Fox and Wisconsin Rivers, at the present day city of Portage, connected these major regions for millennia. This drainage system encompasses the Wolf and Upper Fox Rivers, including the Upper Fox and Wolf River headwaters, Lake Winnebago, and the Lower Fox River. Several lakes also occur within this riverine-lacustrine network, notably Lake Poygan, Winneconne, and Butte des Mortes. Populations and trade networks moved goods and ideas, and human groups themselves, over considerable distances using this network (Overstreet et al. 2004). The Middle Fox River Passageway harbors a dense concentration of archaeological sites from Paleoindan circa 12,000 BP) to historic times. Historic evidence documents occupation by the Menominee, Ho Chunk, Potawatomi, Fox, Sauk, Kickapoo, Oneida, Stockbridge-Munsee, Huron -Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Iowa during the 17th through 19th centuries Overstreet et al. 2004). The waterway was likely a key variable in concentrating populations at various strategic locations in the extensive communication network. The high resource density, including wild rice, fisheries, waterfowl, and upland game, has been cited as contributing to the prehistoric and historic occupation of the region. The abundance of this habitat was attractive to hunting and gathering. populations and those later sustained by the horticultural trilogy of corn, beans, and squash Overstreet et al. 2004). Description and Significance of the Golf Course Site (47WN0049) The Golf Course site was reported in 1925 as "shell heaps near the Fox River" (Brown 1925). Additional artifacts reported in 1993 include an iron pipe tomahawk fragment (WHPD 2017). In 2017, archaeological investigations within the Lakeshore golf coarse identified 47WN0049 as an extensive Late Woodland campsite/village encompassing 13 acres (Haas et al. 2017). Cultural Data Recovery Plan far 47VVN0049 Golf Gourse .Site WpDtlalh:U RM 301)56] CaaNintla 6ytlwn: NPD 1861 NPRN ynnvarse Ma olw alum: Ny Nm11RM 1963 N4RNu6.hd by -RM lznrzoly New Site Boundary Golf Course (WN -0049) Winnebago County, Wisconsin 0 500 1,000 2,000 Feet 0 125 250 500 Meters Figure LLocation of the Golf Course (47WN0049) site. City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County C Sy em N NCounty Feel w.ie....: n.«M.. -- nR -R5--g. Oelum: NM. A.-1 N3- CreeleO Oy. -CRM 1-017 Lot 1 and WN -0049 Overlay Golf Course (WN -0049) Winnebago County, Wisconsin 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 20 40 80 120 160 200 Meters Figure 21ocation of the Golf Course (47WN0049) relative to the proposed future development. material from the site consists of chipped stone tools and waste flakes, grit -tempered pottery, faunal fragments (calcined and unmodified), and fire -cracked rock. Chipped stone tools (scrapers) and debitage are made from local cherts and non - local silicified sandstone. The cord -impression and wall thickness of some of the pottery suggests a Late Woodland (AD 900 to 1400) affiliation. The artifact bearing deposits occur within the Ap horizon and underlying undisturbed soils. Although the site has been impacted by agricultural activities (that occurred prior to 1898), the site has been effectively preserved over the years as encapsulated within a City -owned golf coarse, escaping destruction from recurrent plowing and urban development. Diagnostic ceramic forms have been recovered from 47WN0049 along with animal remains, stone tools, fire -cracked rock, and waste flakes. Inferred site activities consist of stone tool production and maintenance, cooking, and resource processing. The material deposits reflect high artifact densities and diversity as well as good preservation of ecofacts plant and animal remains). Data Recovery Nan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Site 47WN0049 retains integrity of location and setting as well as stratigraphic integrity of the cultural deposits. The presence of cord -impressed grit tempered pottery establishes the integrity of association as the site is able to address important research questions relative to the Late Woodland period. These research themes include: 1) cultural dynamics, chronology, and temporal relationships; 2) diagnostic artifacts and material culture; 3) settlement patterns and subsistence patterns; 4) lithic raw material use and lithic technology; and 5) regional interaction and trade. Site 47WN0049 retains integrity and has the potential to provide important information relative to the prehistoric period in the region. As such, site 47WN0049 meets the criteria for listing in the NRHP under Criterion D. City of Oshkosb, Winnebago County 5 Green Bay Wolf River Basin - F J Lower Fox River Basin to r` 44 ti f Castle -Rock Basin _ 1 r . j r Lake P5, a. r { Lake Butte des MOM Lake Manitowoc -Sheboygan if Course Winnebago j Rivers Basin Go 47WN0049 S Upper Fox River Basins 3 _. 4°xt iaer Lake t VIIIWinnebago Basin-_'. Milwaukee River Basin 1 Upper Rock lFoxB;t•er River Basin- J Figure 3. Project location within the Middle Fox River Passageway. Data RESEARCH DESIGN Introduction The research strategy to mitigate the adverse effect that would be caused to the archaeological site from the future development consists of using material culture to address specific research questions that relate to the regional prehistory. Although the research questions focus on the Late Woodland period, they themes are broadly applicable to other components that may be represented at the site. The research questions will serve as a guide for the data recovery operations but may be altered to accommodate research findings during the course of the field and laboratory investigations. Late Woodland Overview The Late Woodland period (circa AD 900 to 1400) is generally characterized as a time of rapid culture change, social reorganization, and concomitant increase in population size and density (Overstreet et al. 2004; Salzer 1986). Settlements occurred along river valleys and in upland setting, consisting of fairly permanent villages, seasonal hunting camps, and support camps. The construction of burial mounds, often in animal (effigy) shape, continued in Wisconsin, northeast Iowa, and northern Illinois. Horticulture became increasingly important to the Late Woodland economy, demonstrated by the diversity of cultigens recovered from many archaeological sites. By AD 1000, maize agriculture had spread to the northern limits of its range. Ceramic wares include those associated with Hein's Creek, Effigy Mound, and late Late Woodland collared wares (Baerries and Freeman 1958; Hurley 1975; Mason 1966). Projectile points of this period are characteristically small and triangular. The extensive institutional and private collections from the region provide ample support that the Pldn for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Middle Fox River Passageway was continuously occupied in prehistoric and historic times. Regional interpretations have been hindered, however, by a lack of published survey, testing, and excavation data (Overstreet et al. 2004). Numerous sites with Late Woodland occupations have been identified within the Middle Fox River Passageway, however few have been subjected to extensive excavation and publication) with Mason (1966), Hurley 1975), and Overstreet et al. (2004) representing a few of the notable exceptions. A number of Late Woodland mounds were excavated in the 1920s and 1930s by the Milwaukee Public Museum. Although these studies provide information regarding mound construction and burial practices, they do not speak to domestic lifeways, settlement, subsistence, and, community organization (Salzer 1986). Both Salzer (1986:242), and more recently Overstreet et al. (2004) stress the critical need for excavation of Late Woodland settlements to address to further the understanding of domestic lifeways and cultural dynamics. Recent excavations at sites occupying the uplands along Lake Butte des Mortes have identified small Late Woodland camps (satellite camps) for the hunting and processing of game as well as local plant and nut resources (Dickerson et al. 2001; Dickerson and Meinholz 2009; Reckner et al. 2009). These satellite camps are assumed to be part of a larger settlement system that included large base camps along the Butte des Mortes Lakeshore (Dickerson and Meinholz 2009). The archaeological deposits from the Golf Course (47WN0049) site may represent a Late Woodland base camp containing important information that can be used to address a number of research questions. City of Oshkosh, Winnehaeo County 7 Research Questions A number of research questions, pertaining to culture history and chronology, diagnostic artifacts and material culture, site activities and function, subsistence economy, settlement patterns, and inter - and intra -regional interaction will be addressed through the material culture at the Golf Course site. The material culture will include artifacts, ecofacts, and cultural features recovered during data recovery operations. The primary goal of archaeological data recovery at the Golf Course site is to systematically and scientifically excavate a portion of the site, using modern archaeological methods of recovery and documentation, to mitigate the impacts to the site that would be caused by the future project development. By implementing a program of archaeological data recovery at the property, it is possible to mitigate the adverse effect that would be caused to the archaeological site from the future development. Prior to the archaeological data recovery operations, a carefully developed research design is necessary in order to define and describe the objectives and methods to be used during the. field recovery and subsequent laboratory analysis and interpretation. These research questions are intended to be broad enough to allow for refinement during the course of the excavations and analysis. Culture History and Chronology Culture history and chronology remain central to research in current archaeology in eastern Wisconsin Overstreet et at. 2004; Salzer 1986). Reliable cultural historical constructs are entirely dependent upon accurate cultural chronologies, grounded in the sound application of absolute and relative dating techniques. In this regard, studies of artifact style are important in terms of identifying related components and defining basic cultural -historical units. Culture history can be initially addressed by determining which components and occupations are present, and well represented, at site the Golf Course site. Chronology is particularly important relative to the social landscape during the Late Woodland period. The Middle Fox River Passageway contains a high density of Late Woodland and Oneota sites. The relationship of the Late Woodland populations to Oneota populations is not fully understood and continues to be a matter of debate (Boszhardt 1998; Bruhy 2002; Mason 1990, 1992; Overstreet 2001). Much of the debate revolves around the interpretation of early radiocarbon dates and sociocultural mechanisms (Boszhardt 1998; Bruhy 2002; Mason 1990, 1992). Some contend that Late Woodland populations rapidly transformed their material culture, settlement, subsistence patterns, and social organizations to "become" Oneota Theler and Boszhardt 2000). In contrast, others suggest that two prehistoric cultures are not linked in a simple unilinear evolutionary manner, meaning that one culture rapidly replaced the other (Bruhy 2002; Mason 1966, 1990, 1992; Overstreet 2001). In order to develop appropriate culture histories for the region, a necessary first step is to determine the specific cultural components (and to what extent) that are represented at the site and then to firmly associate these occupations with radiometric dates. In eastern Wisconsin, chronological and culture - historical assessments are typically accomplished through three techniques: radiocarbon dating; comparative analysis of temporally -culturally diagnostic artifacts (stone tools and ceramics); and stratigraphic correlations. These data then can be used for comparison with the existing cultural - historical frameworks for eastern Wisconsin. The archaeological mitigation at the Golf Course site will be directed towards the recovery and analysis of materials, within feature context, for radiocarbon dating. In situ features have a good potential to provide adequate samples for radiocarbon dating from charred plant and animal remains. Organic residue encrusted on earthenware vessels provides another source for dating. In addition, studies of diagnostic stone tools and ceramic styles will be used to identify and help clarify cultural -historical relationships. 8 Data Recovery Plan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site The previous investigations at the Golf Course site have identified a Late Woodland component. Specific research questions relating to Culture History and Chronology include: What cultural historical pbases can be associated with the identified components? lk%hat are the ages of the archaeological complexes represented at the sites and how do they fit within the known chronologv of eastern IVisconsin? 117hat are the dater of the Late iF'oodland component. How do these dates correlate with other dates securedfor the region (Overstreet et al. 2004; Reckner et al. 2009; Dickerson et al. 2001)? Diagnostic Artifacts and Material Culture Diagnostic artifacts, including lithic and ceramic stylistic attributes, are critical components in the development of cultural historical and chronological frameworks. Paleoindian, Archaic, Woodland, Oneota, and Historic occupations have been identified in and around Lake Buttes des Mortes and eastern Wisconsin. Patterned stone tools and ceramics represent the two artifact classes that provide the most information in relation to stylistic variation in the archaeological record of the region. Examining variation is central to making certain temporal inferences and cultural -historical linkages between identified occupations and regionally defined cultural complexes. What diagnostic artifact types, inclusive of patterned stone tools and cerwvic wares, are present at the Golf Course site?.How do these types relate to artifacts from other sites in the Middle Fox River Passageway, sites along Lake Buttes des [Mortes and the more broadl1, defined eastern 11'71consin region? Can diagnostic lith. icr and ceramics identify ipecifac oempations at the Golf Course site? Do the diagnostic forms from the Golf Course site compare to other well excavated sites in the region? low do the diaguo, ticfirms from the Golf Course site compare to those used to define the regional Late Wloodland phases? Site Activities and Function Site activities represented at a site are indicated by the form, location, and contents of cultural features and the horizontal distribution of artifacts associated with features. Specific questions regarding site activities have been developed for the Golf Course site: IL"hat is the spatial organi gtion of the identifiable activity areas within the site, including areas of tool manufacture, food preparation, food storage, and hozlsing. Is there evidence for residential complexes (Reclener et al. 2009)? What is the function of the Golf Course time? Does the function vary or remain constant through time? A'l'hat activities can be inferred from the boritiontal distribution of artifacts and other materials recovered from the Go f Course site? How do the site activities inform abollt the si: e and composition of the socialgroups that used the site? Subsistence Economy Subsistence practices refer to the acquisition of resources, inclusive of foodstuffs and raw materials, necessary to maintain life. Well preserved faunal remains and floral macro -remains, especially those from feature contexts, can be used to address the subsistence pursuits of the site occupants. Ceramic vessels and tool forms can also inform about subsistence related activities. 117hat plant and animal resources were used at the Golf Course .rite? Is there evidence• for native culligens? lFhat is the evidence for tropical cultigens? If so, when do they appear and what role do 117g play in the subsistence economy? Is there evidence for change in resource utikrtiation over City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County 9 time? If so, wbat emironmental or cultural factors influence those changer? Settlement Patterns Settlement patterns define ways in which people occupy and distribute themselves across the landscape in order to acquire or produce subsistence goods, including food and other raw materials, necessary to sustain life. By determining site function and activities that occurred at the site, seasonality of site occupation, landscape and geomorphic setting, and inter -site comparisons, it is possible to develop models of settlement behavior. What settlement patterns can be inferred fi-om the Late W%odland occupations? How do these settlement patterns relate to the local environment? What is the relatinoship of the settlement along the lakeshore to the satellite camps that have been identified in more inland settings? Inter -Regional and Intra -Regional Interaction Inter- and intra -regional interaction can be inferred from artifact style as well as the presence of non - local materials in the artifact assemblage. Non -local materials would indicate contact, either directly or indirectly, between peoples occupying sites in the region and other groups. An attempt to understand prehistoric trade and the extent of prehistoric trade networks can be made by identifying non -local materials and their likely source or origin. Stylistic attributes, especially on ceramic vessels, may be another way to infer interaction. What is the nature of the cultural dynamics during the Late Woodland period? What is the evidence for• interaction with Oneota (Upper Mississippian) groups? Data Recovery Plast for 47WN0049 GofGourse ,Site RESEARCH METHODS AND PERSONNEL Introduction The following narrative describes the field and laboratory methodology and techniques that will be used during the archaeological mitigation of the Golf Course site. The research methods follow those standards promulgated by the Wisconsin Archaeological Survey in the Guide for Public Archeology in Wisconsin, as Revised (Dudzik et al. 2012). The Golf Course site encompasses 13 acres. Of this total, six acres will be preserved in place and remain within City of Oshkosh ownership. Seven acres will be subjected to archaeological data recovery. It is proposed that the full seven acres be subjected archaeological data recovery in order to address all objectives for the project. As such, 100 percent of the site area within the development footprint, or 54 percent to the total site area, will be subjected to archaeological data recovery. The primary objective of the investigations is to scientifically excavate and recover cultural material, inclusive of in situ features, artifacts, and ecofacts, that would be destroyed by future project development. The secondary objective is to avoid impacting culturally sensitive archaeological deposits during construction. Given the intensity of habitation of the region throughout prehistory, and known burial sites around Lake Butte des Mortes, there is potential for such features to existing within the development footprint. Data recovery of the entire project footprint will avoid inadvertent discoveries during construction. Field Methods Permitting Two permits will be required for the archaeological data recovery field invetigations. As the Golf Course site (47WN0049) is situated on City of Oshkosh owned lands, a Public Lands Permit from the Wisconsin Historical Society will be obtained. Given the amount of area that will be excavated, UWM-CRM will consult with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources to secure the necessary permits for the ground disturbance. Shovel Testing Prior to mechanical excavation (see below), shovel testing will be conducted across the site area at five meter intervals. The purpose of the shovel testingwill be to recover material culture, from the disturbed plowzone horizon, as well as to assess the spatial patterning across the site. The horizontal patterning of artifact type and density will supplement the results of the mechanical excavation, providing contextual information for the identified cultural features. Mechanical Excavation Mechanical stripping will use a single -tracked backhoe equipped with a five foot wide, toothless bucket. The modern fill and plow zone horizon will be removed in approximate 10 centimeter thick layers down to the top of the B horizon. Soil stains will be fully exposed with a trowel and flat shovel, and potential features will be marked with pin flags. City of Oshkosh, Winnebu,o County 11 Mep 0nalk'. U—CRM 201] -- COO d—b Sy-- 1983 HRRN WISCR$ W—b.go County Fees Rob—N— T,anrvrx 1983Wiwn'. by Upm CR 198] O17RNUeauEDy. UW84CRM lE18R01I WN -0049 Data Recovery Location Golf Course (WN -0049) Winnebago County, Wisconsin 0 100 200 400 600 Feet 0 20 40 80 120 160 200 Meters Figure 4. Areas of the Golf Course (47WN0049) site for data recovery and for preservation in place. Excavation of Features and Artifact Concentrations All features encountered during the course of the investigations will be excavated according to strict parameters to control contamination of the matrix and to retain as much information about the feature as possible. Every feature will be provided an individual lot number, which will be used in reference to all cultural residue, soil, carbon and flotation samples, and all other material recovered from analysis. Exposed features will be defined, photographed, mapped in plan view and geo- referenced to a site datum using a total station. All features will be mapped in planview, cross sectioned, and mapped in profile. After the feature is mapped and photographed, the feature is bisected along its longest axis. A portion of the feature will be excavated in mass and screened through one-quarter inch hardware mesh. Once half of the feature is removed, a "window" will be excavated to reveal the profile of the feature. The profile will be mapped, photographed, and measured from the unit datum. After the shape of the feature is recorded, the remaining half of the feature will be excavated with a portion saved as a flotation sample (at least one liter) and the remaining portion screened through one-quarter inch mesh. Flotation samples are processed at the UWM Archaeological Research Laboratory using a Flote-TechTM multi -modal water separation devices. Field Documentation Standard field documentation will be completed including: field notebook, lot number book, unit level forms, unit summary forms, feature forms, and log books (photography, C-14 sample, soil sample, flotation sample). A site notebook will be maintained in which all forms and associated documentation will be kept, and the general progress of the excavation and observations will be recorded in a log book maintained by the field supervisor. Data Recovery Platt for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Sampling for Specialized Analysis A representative sample of matrix collected from feature and non -feature contexts will be collected in the field for subsequent specialized analyses including micro -faunal, paleoethnobotanical, geomorphological, and radiocarbon dating. The procedures for sample collection and subsequent handling vary according to the specific requirements of the analysis. Flotation Sample Processing Flotation samples collected during the course of the excavations will be placed in ventilated sand bags. Provenience information will be written directly on the sand bag, on a tag placed inside the bag, and on a paper tag affixed to the outside of the bag. Prior to flotation, all sand bags will be allowed to thoroughly dry and the volume of each sample will be recorded. Flotation samples will be processed using a Flot Tech machine at the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Archaeological Research Laboratory. The light fraction will be captured in a brass geological sieve, 40 mesh per inch, lined with tightly woven nylon. The heavy fraction will be captured in a 1.0 mm mesh and then placed on tightly woven mesh and/ or muslin. Both the light and heavy fraction will be allowed to thoroughly dry. Care will be taken to avoid too rapid drying of the light and heavy fractions that can lead to breakage of the delicate macro -botanical remains. Samples for Radiocarbon Assays Samples will be collected, when possible, for radiocarbon assays. Pieces of charred floral material will be removed using a trowel and then placed in an aluminum foil bag. Appropriate samples will be sent to the University of Georgia Center for Applied Isotope Study for AMS dating. City of Oshkosh, Winnebago Courcy 13 Accidental Discovery of Human Remains If human remains are discovered, the treatment of burial related discoveries will comply with Wisconsin Statute 157.70. Any such finds will be considered within the category of a "known uncatalogued burial site," and a Wisconsin Historic Preservation Division standard contract for treatment of human remains will be followed. Laboratory Methods and Analysis All artifacts, samples, maps, records, notes and other project documentation generated during the field investigations will be brought to the UWM-CRM Archaeological Research Laboratory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Laboratory staff will process the artifacts and samples according to standard laboratory procedures. Initial Procedures Initial procedures involve generating a laboratory log, Icleaning, and rebagging. The laboratory log sheet cross checks the field lot numbers with actual artifact and sample bags entering the laboratory. Artifact cleaning includes gentle dry brushing and water processing. Finally, all artifacts, following cleaning, are removed from their paper field bag and placed in an archivally stable zip lock plastic bag. Provenience information from the paper bag is transcribed onto the plastic bag and the original information clipped and placed inside the plastic bag. Ceramic Analysis Following Rice (1987) and Sinopli (1991), ceramics in this study will be treated at the vessel unit of analysis as functional tools. The Madison ware typology follows that laid out by Baerreis (1952, 1953) and Keslin (1958), as well as more recent studies (Richards 1992; Rosebrough 2010; Zych 2013). Vessels are described primarily in terms of attributes, acknowledging the limitations of typological systems. Vessel and body sherds will be initially separated; body sherds are those that are not distinguishable as basal or shoulder sherds. Undecorated body sherds will be assessed for temper and surface treatment, then counted and weighed. Ceramic fragments smaller than the diameter of a penny will be assessed for temper only. Rim sherds and decorated body sherds will be checked for cross -mends. Rim sherds will be the basis for assigning unique vessel designations. Vessels will be assessed in terms of morphological characteristics, paste characteristics, surface treatment and decorative treatment following current conventions. Morphological characteristics considered will include vessel form, rim form and lip form. Lithic Analysis The Lithic analysis will be based on Jeske (2014) and Lurie and Jeske (1990). All pieces of chipped stone will be examined for cultural modification (flaking, battering, and use -wear) tinder IN magnification. Tools will be classified as pieces of stone or debitage that show evidence of further cultural modification. Regional guides, along with comparative collections at the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Archaeological Research Laboratory, will be used to identify Lithic raw materials. The schema will entail recording contextual information, metric attributes, and several variables intended to generate data related to raw material use and technology. This model allows for easy comparison between assemblages, is time efficient, and does not assume tool function. Two levels of analysis will be conducted on the assemblage: mass debitage analysis and individual tool analysis. Faunal Analysis During the initial inventory stage, faunal remains are sorted into unidentifiable and identifiable remains; the identifiable remains will be subjected to further analysis. Faunal data will be recorded on small acid -free tags, which are citrated along 14 side the faunal material. The data recovered for each bone fragment will include the following fields: Lot/Catalogue Number, Count, Weight (in grams, to the nearest hundredth), Class (mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish, mollusk), Taxon taxonomic identification to the family, genets, or species level), Element (body part- femur, lumbar vertebrae, upper 2nd molar, etc.), Side (left , right, axial), Representation (portion of element present), Ephiphysis (state of ephiphyseal union, when applicable), Taphonomy (cultural or natural modifications), Size Grade, Comments. The primary data recording will be conducted at the laboratory. Identifications will be made in reference to comparative collections and in consultation with reference texts. Faunal assemblages will be quantified using the Number of Identified Specimen (NISP) a - and Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI). Flora( Ana lysis-Macrorema ins One of the main research objectives for the project is to obtain information with regard to the procurement, processing, and disposition of plant remains by the past occupants of the sites. To this end, flotation samples will be collected from each cultural feature identified during the Phase III mitigation. It is expected that the flotation samples will yield a significant amount of wood charcoal and plant macroremains that can provide insight as to the subsistence economy and seasonality of occupation for each cultural component. Analytical Methods The processed flotation samples will be analyzed at the laboratory in Milwaukee. A complete inventory of all flotation samples will be initially completed. Observation and experimentation has shown that many plant remains sink during water flotation, especially when they are caught up in matrix or waterlogged (Wagner 1988:21). Because of this, both the heavy and light fractions will be analyzed for botanical remains. Throughout the entire laboratory process, the flotation light fraction and Data Recovery Plan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site the flotation heavy fraction will be kept separate. This is done to provide further data concerning recovery techniques. Consequently, in the following description of the laboratory methodology, each step is applied to the flotation heavy and the flotation light fraction separately. However, the information from the heavy and light fraction from each flotation sample will be combined prior to further analysis and interpretation. Both the heavy and the light fraction, are thoroughly dried, and are passed through a 2.0 mm brass geological sieve. All charred botanical material from the greater than 2.0 mm size grade is sorted into nut, wood, resin, and seed categories. The seeds are identified to family, and if possible, to genus. Each taxa is then counted and weighed. All wood that is greater than 2.0 mm in size is counted and weighed. In addition, identifications to genus is made on a subsample of 20 randomly selected wood fragments that are greater than 2.8 mm (Pearsall 2000). The material in the smallest size grade (< 2.0 mm) are scanned tinder a binocular microscope (IOX-30X). For large flotation samples, a subsample, sampled using a riffle sorter, of this size grade is scanned. All charred seeds and seed fragments from this size grade are removed, identified, and tabulated. Although the presence of wood, nut, and amorphous fragments are recorded for this size grade 2.0 mm fraction, these types of fragments are not removed, quantified, or examined. Identifications are made with aid of standard manuals (Martin and Barkley 1961; Montgomery 1977) and in reference to comparative specimens in the laboratory. Nut fragments are identified by comparison of general morphology to examples in the reference collection. Seeds are identified by comparison of characteristics such as size, shape, details of the surface, hilium shape and placement, and embryo type. Although large quantities of uncarbonized plant remains may be present in the samples, only the carbonized plant remains will be considered for cultural interpretation. Previous studies have demonstrated that uncarbonized plant materials are rarely preserved at open air sites in temperate environments (e.g. Asch and Asch 1985:343; Egan 1988). Consequently, uncarbonized seeds most likely represent naturalized species that may be City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County 15 recently intrusive. Small, uncarbonized seeds in subsurface deposits accumulate by tumbling down pores in the soil, or are transported by soil fauna. Nonetheless, uncarbonized remains in the samples will be noted, as these plant macro -remains may be useful for the paleoecological interpretation. Cataloguing All cultural material will be assigned a unique lot inventory number in the field. All artifacts from each provenience within the site will be entered into a database. The lot inventory number is written on all artifacts in black India ink, with an undercoat and topcoat of clear acrylic. All artifacts and associated documentation will be temporarily stored at the ARL laboratory in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Cura tion All artifacts, notes, and documentation from the archaeological data recovery efforts will be curated at the University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee This curation facility meets the requirements specified in the Curation of Federally -Owned and Administered Archaeological Collections, Federal Register, Volume 55, No. 177, September 12, 1990 (36 CFR 79). The cost for the permanent curation is the responsibility of the project sponsors and should be included in the cost for the archaeological data recovery efforts. Reporting Interim Updates Over the course of the project, UWM-CRM will provide the City with interim with updates via email. During the field investigations, these interim updates will occur weekly. Upon completion of the field investigation portion of the project, the frequency of the updates will be monthly. Interim Field Report Within one week of the completion of the field investigations, UWM-CRM will provide a summary of the mitigation activities and findings. Draft Report Three copies of the draft report of investigations will be submitted within one year following completion of the field investigations. Final Report One original and three hard copies of the final report will be submitted within 30 days upon receipt of the comments from the draft contract report. The final report will incorporate all the comments made on the draft report. Final Submittal Upon acceptance of the final report, all original notes, records, and collections, including field notes, field documentation, artifacts, and artifact inventories, will be submitted to the curation facility. Key Personnel Principal Investigator: Jennifer R. Haas Field Director: Seth Schneider Faunal Analysis: Rachel McTavish Floral Analysis: Jennifer Picard Ceramic Analysis: Seth Schneider Lithic Analysis: Richard Kubicek Schedule The field investigations can be initiated upon the acceptance of the Data Recovery Plan (by the Wisconsin Historical Society and Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources) and appropriate field conditions (ground snow and frost free). The 16 field investigations will be conducted in such a manner that the critical areas for construction are initially subjected to excavation before focusing on other areas. The schedule provides a conservative estimate for the field investigations to account for unforeseen circumstances, such as inclement weather. Please note that the schedule presumes a Description Data Recovery Plan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site start date of March 19, 2018. This date is contingent upon the appropriate weather conditions. Table 1. Preliminary Schedule Acceptance of Data Recovery Plan Permitting (Archaeology) Field Investigations Shovel Testing Mechanical Excavation (Building Footprint) Mechanical Excavation (Other Areas) Interim Field Report Laboratory Investigations Draft Report Final Report Curation Submittal Date February 2018 February 2018 March 19 through May 18, 2018 March 19 to 23, 2018 March 26 to April 20, 2018 April 23 to May 18, 2018 May 25, 2018 March 2?, 2018 to May 24, 2019 May 24, 2019 30 days following receipt of comments (from VHS) 90 days following acceptance of final report (by WHS) City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County 17 REFERENCES CITED Asch, D.L. and N.B. Asch 1985 Prehistoric Plant Cultivation in West - Central Illinois. University of Michigan Anthropological Papers 75: 149-204. Baerreis, D. A. 1952 Pottery Type Descriptions. A paper presented at a conference of the Wisconsin Archaeological Survey. University of Wisconsin -Madison, Nov. 15, 1952. Baerreis, D.A. and J.E. Freeman 1958 Late Woodland Pottery in Wisconsin as Seen from Aztalan. The Wisconsin Archeologist 39:35-61. Boszhardt, R.E. 1998 Oneota Horizons: A La Crosse Perspective. The Wisconsin Archeologist 75 (3-4): 196-226. Brown, C.E. 1925 Fifth Addition Antiquities -Part II 4(2). Dudzik, Mark J., Joseph A. Tiffany and Katherine P. Stevenson 2012 Guide for Public Archeology in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Archeological Survey. Egan, Kathryn C. 1988 Middle and Late Archaic Phytogeography and Floral Exploitation in the Upper Great Lakes. Midcontinental journal ofArchaeology 13 1); 81-107 Haas, Jennifer R., Seth Schneider, and Rachael Schultz 2017 Archaeological Planing Study for the Lakeshore Municipal Golf Course, City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County, Wisconsin. University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee, Cultural Resource Management, Archaeological Research Laboratory Report of Investigations No. 467. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. to a Record of Wisconsin Hurley, W. The Wisconsin Archeologist 1975 An Analysis of Effigy Mound Complexes In Wisconsin. Anthropological Papers No.59, Museum of Anthropology, University of Bruhy, M. Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2011 The Zarling Lake Site (47 Fr 186): Oneota Presence in the Interior of Northern Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Archeologist 83 (2): 55-75. Dickerson, K.E, K. Krause, A. Marshall, N.M. Meinholz, M. LaRonge, P.Ludwig 2001 Archaeological Investigations Along S. T.H. I10, U.S.H. 41 to C. T.H. G,• Winnebago County, Wisconsin. Museum Archaeological Program, Research Report in Archaeology Number 126. Madison, Wisconsin. Jeske, Robert J. 2014 Lithic Documentation Schema for Individual Debitage Analysis and Debitage Mass Analysis. University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee Archaeological Research Laboratory, Program in Midwestern Archaeology, Milwaukee. Justice, N. D. 1987 Stone Age Spear and Arrow Points of the Midcontinental and Eastern United States: A Modern survey and Reference. Indiana University Press, Indianapolis, Indiana. 18 Keslin, R. O. 1958 A Preliminary Report of the Hahn and Horicon Sites, Dodge County, Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Archeologist 39(4):191-273. Lurie, R. and R. J. Jeske 1990 Appendix 1: Lithic Recording Scheme. In At the Edge of Prehistory: Huber Phase Archaeology in the Chicago Area, edited by J. A. Brown and P. J. O'Brien, pp. 284-290. Center for American Archaeology Press, Kampsville. Martin, A.C. and W.D. Barley 1961 Seed Identification Manual. University of California Press, Berkeley. Mason, R. 1966 Two Stratified Sites on the Door Peninsula Of Wisconsin. Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, No. 26. Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1990 Late Woodland and Oneota occupations on Rock Island, Wisconsin. The Wisconsin Archeologist 71 (3-4): 115-135. 1992 Compilation of Door Peninsula Radiocarbon Dates. The Wisconsin Archeologist 73 (3-4): 111-117. Montgomery, F.H. 1977 Seeds and Fruits of Eastern Canada and Northeastern United States. University of Toronto Press, Toronto. Overstreet, D.F. 2000 Late Prehistoric Cultural Dynamics in Southern Wisconsin. In Mounds, Modoc, and Mesoamerica: Papers in Honor of Melvin L. Fowler, edited by S.R. Ahler, pp.405- 438. Illinois State Museum Scientific Papers. Volume XXVIII, Springfield, Illinois. Data Recovery Plan for 47WN0049 Golf Course Site Overstreet, D.F., J.A. Clark, G.A. Lusk, and M.Kolb 2004 Middle Fox River Valley Archaeology - Investigations at the South Shore of Lake Poygan, Winnebago and Waushara Counties, Wisconsin. Center for Archaeological Research at Marquette University, Report of Investigations No. 04.005. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Pearsall, Deborah M. 2000 Paleoethnbotany: A Handbook ofProcedures. Academic Press, San Diego, California. Perino, G. 1971 Guide to the Identification of Certain American Indian Projectile Points. Special Bulletin No. 4 of the Oklahoma Anthropological Society 4. 4 vols. Oklahoma Anthropological Society, Muskogee, Oklahoma.Rice, Prudence Reckner, Paul, Kent Dickerson, Kari Krause, and Susan Kooiman 2009 Phase III Data Recovery at the Jimmy Junk 47WN58I) Site, a Middle Archaic Through Oneota Campsite in Winnebago County, Wisconsin. Museum Archaeology Program, Research Report in Archaeology No. 215. Madison, Wisconsin. Rice, Prudence 1987 Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook. University of Chicago Press. Richards, John D. 1992 Ceramics and Culture at Aztalan, A Late Prehistoric Village in Southeast Wisconsin. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee. City of Oshkosh, Winnebago County 19 Rosebrough, A. L. 2010 Every Family a Nation: A Deconstruction and Reconstruction of the Effigy Mound Culture' of the Western Great Lakes of North America. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin -Madison. Salzer, Robert J. 1986 Other Late Woodland Developments. The Wisconsin Archeologist 67(3-4):302-313. Sinopoli, Carla M. 1991 Approaches to Archaeological Ceramics. Plenum Press, New York. Stevenson, C., R. F. Boszhardt, M. C. R., P. H. Salkin, T. C. Pleger, J. L. Theler and C. Arzigian 1997 The Woodland Tradition, edited by R. A. Birmingham, Carol I. Mason and James B. Stoltman, pp. 140-201. The Wisconsin Archeologist 78(1-2). Stoltman, James B. and George W. Christiansen 2000 The Late Woodland Stage in the Driftlesss Area of the Upper Mississippi River Valley. In Late Woodland Societies, edited by T. E. Emerson, D. L. McElrath and A. C. Fortier, pp. 497-424. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln. Theler, J. and R. Boszhardt 2000 The End of the Effigy Mound Culture: The Late Woodland to Oneota Transition in Southwestern Wisconsin. Midcontinental Journal ofArchaeology 25 (2): 298-312. Wagner, Gail 1988 Comparability among Recovery Techniques. In Current Paleoethno botany. Analytical Methods and Cultural Interpretations ofArchaeological Plant Remains. University of Wisconsin Historic Preservation Database (WHPD) 2017a Electronic document, http://wisahrd.org/ ASI/Sites/Primary.aspx?id=7275, accessed November 27, 2017. Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois. Zych, Thomas J. 2013 The Construction of a Mound and a New Community: An Analysis of the Ceramic and Feature Assemblages from the Northeast Mound at the Aztalan Site. Unpublished MS thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin -Milwaukee.