HomeMy WebLinkAboutPurchase & Sale of WPS PropertyCONTRACT OF PURCHASE AND SALE
. THIS CONTRACT OF PURCHASE ANO~ ~_AL~ (hereinafter
"Contract") is made and effective as of the 3i day offbeat, r, 200,3' (the "Effective Date"),
by and between the City of Oshkosh, Wisconsin ("Buyer") and Wisconsin Public Service
Corporation ("Seller").
WlTNESSETH, THAT:
WHEREAS, Seller owns that certain real property, including all improvements,
fixtures and building equipment, together with all privileges, rights, easements and appurtenances
belonging thereto (collectively the "Property"), located in the City of Oshkosh, County of
Winnebago, State of Wisconsin, as depicted on Exhibit A attached hereto and hereby
incorporated herein; and
WHEREAS, Buyer desires to purchase the Property from Seller, and Seller is
willing to sell and convey the same to Buyer, on and subject to the terms, covenants and
conditions hereinafter set forth.
NOW, TI-IEREFORE, in consideration of the premises, the mutual promises and
covenants contained herein, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency
of which are hereby acknowledged, it is hereby agreed by and between the undersigned, each
being legally advised in the premises and intending to be legally bound hereby, as follows:
Purchase/Sale. Buyer hereby agrees to purchase and acquire the Property from Seller, and
Seller hereby agrees to sell and convey the Property to Buyer, for and in consideration of,
and upon and subject to, the terms, covenants and conditions hereinafter set forth.
Purchase Price. The purchase price (hereinafter referred to as the "Purchase Price") for
the Property is and shall be Nine Hundred Forty Thousand and no/100 Dollars
($940,000.00) payable by wire transfer to the account of Seller or, at Seller's option, by
cashier's check, payable to the order of Seller, at Closing (as hereinafter defined).
Prorations. Net general real estate taxes imposed upon or against the Property for the
year of Closing shall be prorated as of Closing inclusive of said date based upon the net
general taxes for the current year, if known, otherwise, upon the net general taxes for the
preceding year. Seller shall pay prior to Closing ail general real estate taxes attributable to
any time period prior to the year of Closing. Water, sewer and other utility charges, if
any, shall be prorated as of Closing. All expenses and taxes for the day of Closing shall
accrue to Buyer. Special assessments for any work on er relating to or benefiting the
'Property commenced or levied before Closing, if any, shall be paid by Seller at or prior to
Closing. Seller shall pay the Wisconsin real estate transfer fee.
Conveyance. At Closing, Seller shall sell and convey to Buyer fee simple, good,
marketable and insurable title to the Property, free and clear of all liens and encumbrances
001.1372021.14
except real estate taxes not yet due or payable; municipal and zoning ordinances;
easements, covenants and restrictions and other matters of record (provided Buyer may
object to any instrument pursuant to the procedures set forth in Section 5 below if it
prevents or materially impairs Buyer's intended use as a park); the easements made
pursuant to this Contract; rights of the public for areas lying below the highwater mark of
the Fox River; filled or submerged lands riparian fights; and matters that would be
disclosed by an accurate survey (hereinafter referred to as the "Permitted Exceptions"), by
delivery of a fully executed and acknowledged warranty deed (hereinafter referred to as
the "Deed"), in customary form.
Title Insurance; Survey. Seller shall provide Buyer, not more than fifteen (15) days after
the Effective Date, with a title insurance commitment (the "Title Commitment"), issued by
a title company licensed in Wisconsin (the "Title Company"), pursuant to which the Title
Company shall agree to issue to Buyer a standard ALTA 1992 owner's policy of title
insurance in the full amount of the Purchase Price, insuring title to the Property, together
with copies of all easements, covenants, restrictions and other encumbrances affecting the
Property. The title commitment should obligate the Title Company to issue a policy that
will guarantee Seller's title to be in the condition called for under Section 4 (without
standard exceptions) as of the Closing. Seller shall also deliver to Buyer within thirty (30)
days of the Effective Date an ALTA survey dated no earlier than the Effective Date (the
"Survey"). The cost of the Survey shall be shared equally by Buyer and Seller. Buyer
shall have ten (10) days from receipt to review and object to the condition of title
evidenced by the Title Commitment or Survey. If any such objection is made, Seller shall
have thirty (30) days to correct such condition. If the condition is not acceptable to Buyer
and Seller is not able to correct it within thirty (30) days from the date of written objection
thereto, this Contract shall, at the option of Buyer, be terminated, and Buyer and Seller
shall have no further obligation or responsibility hereunder.
Condition of Property and Other Property Matters.
Disclaimer. Buyer acknowledges that it will have ample opportunity to inspect the
Property and has conducted detailed reviews of the land and all improvements
thereon, and the Purchase Price reflects the value of the Property in its current
state and condition. As part of this review, Buyer has retained the services of an
environmental engineering expert and an environmental attorney and has reviewed
the reports and studies prepared by Seller that have been filed with the Wisconsin
Department of Natural Resources ("DNR"). Buyer further acknowledges that it is
relying on such investigations and the reviews and the advice of its engineering
environmental and legal experts in determining whether to enter into this Contract
and has not relied on any statements, warranties or representations of Seller or its
agents or employees with respect thereto. Therefore, except as otherwise
provided in this Contract, the Property is being sold in an as is and where is
condition, without any oral or written warranties or representations,
expressed or implied, whether by operation of law or otherwise, as to
condition, location or otherwise~ including but not limited to environmental
matters. Buyer's sole right against Seller relating to the condition of the Property
001.1372021.14 2
or environmental contamination on the Property shall be and is expressly limited to
those rights set forth in this Contract. Buyer further represents and warrants that
Buyer has knowledge and expertise in financial and business matters that enable
Buyer to evaluate the merits and risks of the transaction contemplated by this
Contract and that Buyer is not in any disparate bargaining position. Buyer
acknowledges and agrees that it has been given or will be given before Closing full
opportunity to inspect and investigate each and every aspect of the Property, either
independently or through agents of Buyer's choosing, including, without,
limitation the condition of the Property. Seller has provided copies of Natural
Resource Technology, Inc., February 26, 2003, Remedial Action Documentation
Report, Former Manufactured Gas Plant Site, Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Further, Seller
shall make available to Buyer and its representatives, during Seller's business hours
at Seller's Green Bay office located at the address set forth in Section 13 below,
environmental reports prepared for the Property within three (3) years of the
Effective Date, and Buyer and its representatives shall have the right to copy such
reports.
Buyer's Release. As part of the consideration, subject to the exceptions set forth
below, Buyer hereby releases any and ali claims of whatever kind, whether known
or unknown, foreseen or unforeseen, contingent or mature, arising out of or
related to the environmental contamination of whatever kind currently or in the
past located on or beneath the Property or Court Street or emanating from the
Property or Court Street without regard as to when (past, present or future) the
contamination may or may not have migrated from the Property or Court Street
(the "Release"). The exceptions to the Release are as follows:
(1)
claims that are Seller's responsibility under this Contract or that are due to
Seller's breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Contract or
Declaration of Easement (as hereinafter defined); or
(2)
claims that are due to the activities or inactions of Seller (or those acting
on behalf of Seller) that occur or take place after the Effective Date; or
(3)
claims for contribution to the extent such a claim is allowed under any of
the following environmental taws: the Comprehensive Environmental
Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (42 U.S.C. Section
9601 et seq.) ("CERCLA"); the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
of 1976 (42 U.S.C. Section 6901, et seq.) ("KCRA"); the Clean Water Act
(33 U.S.C. Section 1251, et seq.) ("CWA"); the Oil Pollution Act of 1990
(33 U.S.C. Sections 2701, et seq.) ("OPA")); and/or any amendments to
the foregoing, including but not limited to the Superfund Amendments and
Reorganization Act of 1986 (100 Stat. 1613 ) ("SARA") (collectively, the
"Federal Environmental Laws") (hereinafter, "Contribution Claim"), if but
only if:
001.1372021.14 3
(a)
the Contribution Claim is based on and is the result of a civil action,
administrative proceeding, or unilateral order brought or issued by
the United States under one or more of the Federal Environmental
Law(s) against Buyer, and such action, proceeding or order
imposes or seeks to impose upon the Buyer (i) the obligation to
undertake removal or remediation, (ii) liability for response costs
for a removal or remediation performed by the United States and/or
(iii) natural resource damages (hereinafter "Federal Claim"); and
(b)
the Contribution Claim is directly related to Sediment Issues (as
defined in Section 6.f(3) below) that exist as of the date of Closing
or to soil, subsurface environmental contamination or groundwater
conditions (that are within the scope of Sections 6.f(1) and 6.f(2)
below) that exist as of the date of Closing; and
(c)
to the extent the Contribution Claim relates to soil, subsurface
contamination or groundwater conditions, the Contribution Claim is
properly asserted as set forth in Section 13 below before receipt by
Seller of a full or partial Voluntary Party Liability Exemption
("VPLE") Certificate of Completion ("Certificate") under Section
292.15, Wis. Stats., and such Certificate addresses both the
contaminated media (soil, subsurface contamination and/or
groundwater conditions) and the Property (or portion thereof) that
is the subject of the Contribution Claim. To the extent the
Certificate does not address all of the Property or does not address
all of the contaminated media which forms the basis of the
Contribution Claim, this exception to the Release shall only apply to
allow a Contribution Claim that relates to contaminated media or
portions of the property not addressed by the Certificate.
With respect to any Contribution Claim, nothing in this Contract (including, but
not limited to Seller's release of Buyer in Section 6.c below) shall be interpreted or
construed to (i) waive or otherwise limit any defense, factual or legal, Seller may
have to such Contribution Claim brought against it by Buyer, or (ii)bar any
counterclaims for contribution, to the extent authorized by law, by Seller against
Buyer. Further, this exception to the Release is to be narrowly construed and is
not intended to allow Buyer to pursue any private right of action against Seller
under any federal law unless expressly allowed by the above exception.
Seller's Release. As part of the consideration, subject to the exceptions set forth
below, Seller hereby releases any and all claims of whatever kind, whether known
or unknown, foreseen or unforeseen, contingent or mature, arising out of or
related to the environmental contamination of whatever kind currently or in the
past located on or beneath the Property or Court Street or emanating from the
Property or Court Street or that migrated onto the Property or Court Street, which
contamination was caused by Buyer or associated with property owned by Buyer,
001.1372021.14 4
without regard as to when (past, present or future) the contamination may or may
not have migrated from the Property or Court Street (the "Seller's Release"). The
exceptions to the Release are as follows:
(1)
claims that are Buyer's responsibility under this Contract or that are due to
Buyer's breach of any of the terms and conditions of this Contract or
Declaration of Easement (as hereinafter defined); or
(2)
claims that are due to the activities or inactions of Buyer (or those acting
on behalf of Buyer) that occur or take place after the Effective Date; or
(3)
claims for contribution under 42 U.S.C. 9 9613(f)(1) if, but only if, the
claim for contribution is solely based on and is the result ora Federal Claim
asserted or brought against Buyer, and as a result thereof, Buyer asserts or
brings a contribution claim against Seller; provided, however, nothing in
this Contract (including but not limited to Buyer's release of Seller in
Section 6.b above) shall be deemed to waive any defense, factual or legal,
Buyer may have to any claims for contribution brought against it by Seller
or bar any counterclaims for contributions by Buyer against Seller.
Seller has reviewed the foregoing release and obtained legal advice and
understands that the release bars Seller from pursuing environmental claims of
whatever kind relating to the Property or Court Street and the activities conducted
thereon by Buyer or associated with contamination caused by Buyer or associated
with Property owned by Buyer, except as expressly set forth in this Contract.
Without limiting the above but except as otherwise provided for in this Contract,
Seller on behalf of itself and its successors and assigns waives any tights to recover
from, and forever releases and discharges, Buyer, Buyer's affiliates, partners,
shareholders, directors, officers, employees, local governmental unit, elected and
appointed public officials as defined in Section 292.11(9)(e), Wis. Stats., and
agents of Buyer and its successors and assigns (collectively the "Buyer Related
Parties) from any and all demands, claims, legal or administrative proceedings,
losses, liabilities, damages, penalties, fines, liens, judgments, costs or expenses
whatsoever (including without limitation attorney and engineering fees and costs),
whether direct or indirect, known or unknown, foreseen or unforeseen, that may
arise on account of or in any way connected with the Property or Court Street
pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and
Liability Act of 1980, as amended (42 U.S.C. 99 9601, et seq.) (except as
provided above), the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (42
U.S.C. §9 6901, et seq.), the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. §9 1251 et seq.), the
Safe Drinking Water Act (14 U.S.C. §§ 1801, et seq.) and the Toxic Substances
Control Act (t5 U.S.C. §9 2601 et seq.) and any similar environmental state or
local statutes, regulations, rules or requirements.
Intent of Releases. It is the intent of the parties to broadly construe the releases
set forth in Sections 6.b and 6.c above in such a manner that (except as otherwise
001.1372021.14 5
provided in Sections 6.b and 6.c) any future claims against each other relating to
environmental conditions on or migrating from or onto the Property, including
Sediment Issues (as defined below), arise solely out of this Contract and not out of
any other provisions of law (statutory or common) or in equity.
Retained Easements. At Closing, Seller shall retain and reserve (and Buyer, at
Seller's option, shall grant) the following easements:
(1)
A nonexclusive easement over the Property for ingress to and egress from
certain real estate owned by Seller adjacent to the Property and the
substation located thereon.
(2)
A nonexclusive easement allowing Seller the use of the Property after the
Closing as a staging area, if necessary, for the sediment related project in
the Fox River remediation project.
(3)
A nonexclusive easement allowing Seller the use of the Property after the
Closing for access and other uses relating to the Seller's groundwater
monitoring, collection and gradient control system.
The location of the areas of the Property subject to the above-described easements
is set forth on the map attached hereto as Exhibit B. The easements will be
documented by a declaration of easements document (the "Declaration of
Easements") in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit C. The
Declaration of Easements includes provisions (i) prohibiting the Buyer's right to
place any structures or other improvements (other than landscaping, walkways,
sprinkler systems and pavement) on the areas of the Property subject to the
Declaration of Easements; (ii) limiting or completely restricting access to the
sediment easement area during the course of Seller's actual use of such area for
any necessary sediment related activities (including preparation and staging) by
anyone other than employees, agents and contractors of Seller or appropriate
emergency personnel (fire, police, medical, hazardous materials), except as
otherwise expressly approved in writing by Seller; (iii) otherwise regulating the use
of the easement area; and (iv) relating to an indemnity by Buyer and Seller for any
loss, cost, expense or damage to the other party in connection with a breach by
Buyer or Seller of the rights or obligations set forth in the Declaration of
Easements.
Retention of Liability.
(1)
Soil - Surface/Subsurface. As between Buyer and Seller and subject to
Buyer's responsibilities as set forth in this Section 6.f and in Section 6.h
below and Seller's responsibility for Undiscovered Contamination as set
forth in Section 6.f(8) below, Seller retains the liability and responsibility
for any soil and subsurface environmental contamination on the Property
that exist as of the date of Closing and shall address any such
001.1372021.14 6
(2)
(3)
(4)
contamination in as manner consistent with Section 292.11 (3), Wis. Stats.,
and NR 700 et seq., Wis. Admin. Code.
Groundwater. As between Buyer and Seller and subject to Buyer's
responsibilities as set forth in this Section 6.f and in Section 6.h and Seller's
responsibility for Undiscovered Contamination as set forth in Section 6.f(8)
below, Seller retains the liability and responsibility for (i) any groundwater
conditions on the Property or which may have migrated offthe Property, in
excess of the NR 140, Wis. Admin. Code enforcement standards consistent
with Section292.11(3), Wis. Stats., and NR 700, et seq., Wis. Admin.
Code, and (ii) any groundwater conditions on the Property or which may
have migrated off the Property, in excess of the NR 140, Wis. Admin.
Code preventive action limit ("PAL") consistent with Section 292.11(3),
Wis. Stats., and NR 700, et seq., Wis. Admin. Code; provided, however,
that any action to address groundwater conditions in excess of the PAL
shall only be required to be undertaken by Seller if such action is expressly
required by DNR. For purposes of this subparagraph, Seller's
responsibility and liability for groundwater conditions shall apply to (i) the
groundwater conditions that exist on the Property or which have migrated
from the Property, as of the date of Closing, (ii) to any groundwater
conditions that continue to migrate from the Property, after the date of
Closing, or (iii) to any groundwater conditions that migrate from the
Property after the date of Closing, if, but only if such migration is from a
groundwater condition that existed on the Property as of the date of
Closing and the migration was not caused by or exacerbated by the actions
of Buyer, its contractors, subcontractors, agents or employees.
.Sediment. As between Buyer and Seller and subject to Buyer's
responsibilities as set forth in this Section 6.f and in Section 6.h below and
Seller's responsibility for Undiscovered Contamination as set forth in
Section 6.f(8) below, Seller retains the liability and responsibility for
contaminated sediment in the Fox River associated with or related to the
Property that exist as of the date of Closing (hereinafter the "Sediment
Issues") and shall address such contamination in a manner consistent with
Section 292.11(3), Wis. Stats.
Contact with Governmental Agencies. Except as otherwise set forth in this
Contract or expressly as agreed to by Seller, Seller shall be the sole point
of contact with governmental agencies with respect to the matters for
which Seller has responsibility under Sections 6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above and, if
applicable, Section 6.f(8) below, unless the governmental agency initiates
the contact with Buyer, provided, however, that prior to responding to
such contact in the situation where Buyer intends to communicate anything
with respect to Sediment Issues that may adversely affect Seller, Buyer
shall give Seller notice of the same and allow Seller to participate in all
telephone calls and meetings with government agency relating to the same.
001.1372021.14 7
However, nothing in this Section 6.f(4) is intended to limit or prevent
Buyer from (i) complying with any applicable statute, rule or regulation
that requires Buyer to provide notice of any spill or release of
environmental contamination on the Property that occurs after Buyer takes
title to the Property, (ii) communicating with DNR on matters relating to
Court Street or (iii) communicating on matters relating to Sediment Issues
in a situation where Buyer will not be communicating anything that may
adversely affect Seller. Seller shall provide to Buyer copies of any
environmental reports and other written communications of a substantive
nature relating to Seller's work in addressing the items noted in Sections
6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above and, if applicable, Section 6.f(8) below, that are
submitted to DNR or any other governmental agency promptly after such
items are submitted to DNR or any other agency. At Buyer's request,
Seller will provide Buyer with a status report on the activities being
conducted by Seller to address the items in Sections 6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above
and, if applicable, Section 6.f(8) below. In the event Seller or its
representatives are to engage in any oral discussions with DNR or any
other governmental agency (by telephone, meetings or otherwise) that are
of a substantive nature and may adversely affect the Buyer's development
of a park on the Property in conformance with the conceptual plans (the
"Park Plan") subnfitted to DNR in conjunction with the Assurance Letter
(as defined below) or in the situation where Seller intends to communicate
anything with respect to Sediment Issues that may adversely affect Buyer,
Seller must notify Buyer in a reasonably timely manner prior to engaging in
such discussions (such as time of telephone calls or meetings, place of
meetings and topics intended to be discussed), and Buyer and/or its
representatives shall be allowed to attend such telephone calls or meetings.
Should Buyer seek to attend any meetings with DNR regarding Sections
6.f(1) to 6.f(3) and, if applicable, Section 6.f(8) below, Buyer shall provide
reasonable prior notice to Seller, shall attend for informational purposes
only and shall cooperate and not interfere with the positions or approaches
advocated by Seller. Both Buyer and Seller shall take all necessary and
appropriate steps to inform its consukants, agents and/or representatives of
the above requirements.
Cessation of Seller's Obligations: Completion of Activities. Upon receipt
by Seller of a Voluntary Party Liability Exemption ("VPLE") Certificate of
Completion under Section 292.15, Wis. Stats., or its successor, Seller's
obligations to Buyer under Sections 6.f(1), 6.f(2), 6.f(3) and/or, if
applicable, 6.f(8) of this Contract shall cease to the extent of the matters
addressed in the VPLE Certificate of Completion as long as Seller's
obtaining the VPLE Certificate of Completion does not prohibit or
materially interfere with the use of the Property as a park according to the
Park Plan. All restrictions on contacts with governmental agencies relating
to the matters addressed in the VPLE Certificate of Completion shall also
001.1372021.14 8
(6)
(7)
cease at that time; provided, however, that the restrictions on
communication relating to Sediment Issues shall continue without regard to
the issuance of the VPLE Certificate of Completion. For matters not
addressed in the VPLE Certificate of Completion and for which Seller has
retained liability under Sections 6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above and/or, if applicable,
Section 6.f(8) below, Seller's obligations shall continue unless otherwise
terminated under another provision of this Contract or by written consent
of Buyer.
Interference bv Buyer. If Buyer violates the provisions of Section 6.f(4)
above relating to contacts with DNR or the United States Environmental
Protection Agency regarding matters for which Seller has responsibility
under Sections 6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above and, if applicable, Section 6.f(8)
below, except as otherwise provided in this Contract or with the prior
written approval of Seller~ which approval will not be unreasonably
withheld or delayed, Buyer understands Seller will incur significant damage
with respect to the same, and Seller shall have all rights and remedies at
law and in equity, including but not limited to actual damages caused
thereby, injunctive relief and specific performance. Damages will include
any increase in costs relating to Sediment Issues if any communications by
the Buyer with the DNR involve Sediment Issues. This paragraph does not
apply if the governmental agency originally initiates the contact with Buyer,
provided Buyer complies with the notice and Seller participation
requirements in Section 6.f(4) above.
Buyer's Liability for Environmental Conditions - Buyer's Actions. Buyer
acknowledges that it intends to undertake construction activities on the
Property, including but not limited to, moving and excavating soil,
construction of improvements and buildings and placement of utilities.
Buyer agrees that it is Buyer's sole responsibility to design, construct,
maintain and otherwise use the Property in such a manner that does not
exacerbate any environmental contamination in which Seller is responsible
under Sections 6.f(1), 6.f(2) and 6.f(3) above and, if applicable, Section
6.f(8) below or cause or create any new environmental contamination. As
between Buyer and Seller, Buyer shall have liability and responsibility for
(i) any new environmental contamination on, beneath or migrating from the
Property (including groundwater) after the date of Closing unless such new
environmental contamination is caused by actions taken by Seller or its
agents, employees or contractors after the date of Closing, (ii) any
exacerbation of environmental contamination (for which Seller is otherv~se
responsible under Sections 6.f(1), 6.f(2) and 6.f(3) and, if applicable,
Section 6.f(8) below) that occurs after the date of Closing caused by
Buyer, Buyer's representatives or contractors or a third party other than
Seller or a representative or contractor of Seller and (iii) to the extent
Buyer elects to remove and/or dispose of any soil, groundwater or
sediment in connection with any work being done by Buyer, including but
001.1372021.14 9
not limited to the construction activities, all costs associated with or related
to the removal and/or disposal of any such soil, groundwater or sediment.
Buyer acknowledges that it may consult with Seller in design and/or
construction of any improvements on the Property. The fact that Seller
may cooperate and provide advice to Buyer shall not be construed to
create additional or expanded liability for Seller or limit in any way Buyer's
responsibility or liability for new environmental contamination or
exacerbation of existing environmental contamination.
Seller' Liabilit¥ for Pre-Existing Conditions. Seller has provided to Buyer
and/or made available to Buyer environmental reports on the condition of
the Property. Seller has advised Buyer and Buyer acknowledges that the
Property was previously used by Seller as a manufactured gas plant
operation and that manufactured gas plant related wastes and contaminants
are located on the Property. With respect to contamination related to
Seller's manufactured gas plant operation, Buyer and Seller have allocated
the liability for environmental issues as set forth above in this Contract.
VC~th respect to any contamination on, beneath or migrating from the
Property which is (i) not related to or associated with manufactured gas
plant operations and/or not disclosed in the environmental reports relating
to the Property that have been provided to or are otherv/~se available to
Buyer, (ii) required to be addressed pursuant to Section 292.11(3), Wis.
Stats., and/or NR 700 et seq., Wis. Admin. Code, and (iii) discovered after
the date of Closing but before the issuance of a VPLE Certificate of
Completion covering the environmental media (soil, groundwater or
sediment) in which the contamination is discovered ("Undiscovered
Contamination"), Seller shall have the liability and responsibility for
addressing such Undiscovered Contamination in the manner as set forth in
Section 6.f(1) to 6.f(3) above. In the event Buyer has information or
knowledge that any Undiscovered Contamination exists on the Property,
Buyer shall promptly notify Seller, provide access to the Property to Seller
to address the Undiscovered Contamination, cooperate with Seller's
environmental investigation and/or remedial action and not exacerbate the
nature and/or extent of the Undiscovered Contamination. (Without
limiting the foregoing, the provisions of Section 6.f(7) apply with respect
to Buyer's responsibility and liability for exacerbating any Undiscovered
Contamination.) If Seller, in the course of its investigation and/or remedial
activities, disturbs, removes or destroys any improvements to the Property
made by the Buyer pursuant to the Park Plan, Seller shall restore the
Property to the extent practicable to the condition it was in prior to
initiating the additional environmental work. Buyer understands and
acknowledges that Seller's obligation under this Contract to address
Undiscovered Contamination only applies if Buyer promptly notifies Seller
of the presence of Undiscovered Contamination prior to Seller's receipt of
001.1372021.14 1 0
a Certificate of Completion under the VPLE program that covers the
environmental media where the Undiscovered Contamination is located.
(9)
Seller's Additional Cost. Seller understands and agrees that if Seller, in the
course of its investigation, monitoring and/or remedial activities, disturbs,
removes or destroys any improvements to the Property made by the Buyer,
pursuant to the Park Plan, Seller shall restore the Property to the extent
practicable to the condition it was in prior to initiating the environmental
work.
(10)
Covenant Not to Initiate Proceedings. Buyer expressly covenants not to
initiate or cause to be initiated any proceeding or action of any kind,
whether in whole or in part, under Sections 292.33 or 292.35, Wis. Stats.,
relating to the Property.
Seller's Indemnification. Seller shall indemnify and defend Buyer at and after
Closing for all costs, damages and expenses (including but not limited to
reasonable attorneys and consultant fees) arising out of, related to or attributed to
any breach by Seller of its obligations under this Contract.
Buyer's Indemnity. Buyer shall indemnify and defend Seller at Closing for all
costs, damages and expenses (including but not limited to reasonable attorney and
consukant fees) arising out of, related to or attributed to any breach by Buyer of
its obligations under Section 6.f above.
Voluntary_ Party Liability Exemption. Should Seller seek a full or partial VPLE
Certificate of Completion, Buyer will not interfere or separately discuss any
matters relating to the same with DNR and will cooperate with Seller and execute
and/or record any necessary documents relating to such exemption as long as such
documents do not prohibit or materially interfere with the use of the Property as a
park in accordance with the Park Plan.
Non-applicability of Section 893.80~ Wis. Stats. Buyer expressly acknowledges
that enforcement of the commitments made under this Section 6 are not subject to
the procedures or liability limitations of Section 893.80, Wis. Stats., and to the
extent Buyer's representation is incorrect, this paragraph shall be interpreted as an
express waiver of the liability limits and procedures set forth in Section 893.80,
Wis. Stats.
Survival. The provisions of this section shall survive Settlement and the delivery
of the Deed or any expiration or termination of this Contract without limitation as
to time.
DNR Assurance Letter. Buyer shall have sixty (60) days from the Effective Date
of the Contract to obtain a satisfactory update assurance letter from DNR,
pursuant to Section 292.55, Wis. Stats. (the "Assurance Letter"), with respect to
001.1~72021.14 1 1
Buyer's planned use of the Property for a public park pursuant to the Park Plan,
which Assurance Letter will be in form and substance acceptable to Buyer,
including but not limited to provisions that (i) Buyer qualifies for the municipal
exemption; (ii) the proposed park will not adversely affect Seller's remediation and
will not be deemed to aggravate or exacerbate the contamination at the Property;
(iii) any soil removed by Buyer from the Property can be disposed of as solid
waste; (iv) to the extent Seller does not remove soil from the Property as part of
the remediation, it can be used on site; (v) the Park Plan will not represent any
public health threat; (vi) what, if any, approval Buyer will need from the DNR to
disturb the cap in order to implement Buyer's Park Plan; and (vii) Buyer is not a
liable party under Section 292.3 I, Wis. Stats. Seller has made no representations
to Buyer that Buyer will be able to obtain the foregoing assurances from the DNR.
Further, it is understood that any costs associated with obtaining the Assurance
Letter will be paid for by Buyer. Should Buyer not receive a satisfactory
Assurance Letter as determined in Buyer's sole discretion within sixty (60) days,
Buyer may terminate this Contract, and this Contract shall be null and void and of
no further force and effect (except for matters described in Section 7.b below, or
proceed to purchase the Property. Should Buyer not obtain a satisfactory
Assurance Letter and should Buyer elect to terminate the Contract, it shall do so
no later than five (5) business days after the receipt of DNR's response to its
request for an Assurance Letter or within two (2) business days after the end of
sixty (60) days, whichever occurs first, unless such sixty (60) day period is
extended by Buyer and Seller. Should Buyer not notify Seller as provided for in
this section, Buyer will be deemed to have elected to proceed to purchase the
Property. Buyer agrees to follow the procedure set forth below with respect to
obtaining the update to the Assurance Letter as well as any other oral
communications Buyer or its representative have with DNR relating to the
development of the park plan improvements or any modifications to such
improvements:
(1)
Buyer or its representatives shall request the update to the Assurance
Letter in writing.
(2)
Buyer or its representatives or consultants shall not engage in any oral
discussions with DNR with respect to the Property, environmental
conditions related to or associated with the Property, including but not
limited to groundwater or sediment, or the Assurance letter or the update
to the Assurance Letter except as the same specifically relate to its park
development. Buyer may not engage in any oral discussions with the DNR
(by telephone, meetings or otherwise) unless Buyer has notified Seller in
writing in a reasonably timely manner prior to engaging in such discussions
of the particulars of such discussions (such as time of telephone calls or
meetings, place of meetings and topics intended to be discussed), and Seller
and its consultants shall be allowed to participate in such discussions. If
Seller choose not to so participate, Buyer agrees to report to Seller in
writing within a reasonable period of time the subject matter and results of
001.1372021.1 4 12
such discussion. Buyer shall take all necessary and appropriate steps to
inform its consultants, agents and/or representatives of the above
requirements..
(3)
All written/electronic materials that Buyer transmits to DNR relating to the
Assurance Letter shall be copied to Seller.
Seller's Covenants and Agreements. Seller hereby covenants and agrees to and with
Buyer as follows, each of which covenants and agreements shall survive Closing.
Contracts and Leases. Seller shall not enter into any contracts or leases affecting
the Property that will encumber the Property after Closing without Buyer's prior
written consent.
Access and Assistance. Seller shall, between the execution of this Contract and
the Closing, assist Buyer in such manner and to such extent as Buyer shall request
in providing information relating to the Property. If Buyer requests such
assistance, Seller need not incur any cOsts or expenses in connection therewith
unless Buyer agrees to reimburse such costs or expenses. Buyer shall have access
to the Property during normal business hours on reasonable prior notice for
purposes of inspecting the same. Buyer will restore any damage caused to the
Property during its entry.
Closing Documents. Seller shall enter into and deliver to Buyer at Closing the
following documents:
Deed. The Deed conveying the Property in the condition described in
Section 4 above.
(2)
Declaration of Easements. The Declaration of Easements in substantially
the form set forth on Exhibit C.
(3)
FIRPTA Affidavit. An affidavit pursuant to Section 1445 of the Internal
Revenue Code certifying that Seller is not a foreign person or entity as
defined in such Internal Revenue Code section.
(4) Transfer Fee Return. A transfer fee return required by Wisconsin law.
(5)
Aff~davits and Other Certifications. Such affidavits and other certifications
as may be reasonably requested by Title Company to more fully vest title to
the Property in Buyer and to permit the Title Company to issue its title
insurance policy free of its standard exceptions, including an owner's
affidavit as to liens and possession, a gap afffidavit and such other
documents and affidavits as may be reasonably required by the Title
Company to remove or satisfy the requirements set forth in Schedule B-I of
the title insurance commitment and the standard exceptions in Schedule B-
001.1372021.14 13
II of the title commitment (other than the exception for general real estate
taxes not yet due and payable).
(6)
Closin~ Statement. A Seller's settlement statement setting forth all debits
and credits to Buyer and Seller.
Buyer's Covenants and Agreements. Buyer hereby covenants and agrees to and with
Seller as follows, each of which covenants and agreements shall survive Closing.
Payment of Purchase Price. At Closing, Buyer shall pay to Seller the amount
owing to Seller for purchase of the Property by wire transfer to the account of
Seller or by cashier's or certified check payable to the order of Seller.
b. Closing Documents. At Closing, Buyer shall deliver the following to Seller:
(1) Transfer Fee Return. A transfer fee return required by Wisconsin law.
(2)
Closing Statement. A Buyer's settlement statement setting forth the debits
and credits owing to Seller in connection with this transaction.
(3)
Declaration of Easements. The Declaration of Easements in substantially
the form set forth in Exhibit C.
(4)
Affidavits and Other Certifications. Such affidavits and other certifications
as may be reasonably requested by the Title Company as may be customary
in Wisconsin.
(5) City AttornevRepresentations.
(a)
Representations from the City Attorney that the City has the
authority to enter into the release and indemnity provided for in
Section 6.b and Section 6.c above and that all necessary notices and
procedures were followed by the City to authorize its
representatives to grant such release and indemnity.
(b)
Representations from the City Attorney that Section 893.80, Wis.
Stats., does not apply to this Contract or any action to enforce this
Contract.
(c)
Representation from the City Attorney that the City has the
authority to enter into the covenants not to initiate proceedings or
actions under Sections 292.33 and 292.35, Wis. Stats., provided for
in Section 6.f(7) and all necessary notices and procedures were
followed by the City to authorize its representatives to grant such
covenants.
001.1372021.14 14
10.
11.
12.
13.
Possession. Upon execution and delivery hereof by Seller, Buyer and its agents shall be
given access to the Property at ail reasonable times during normal business hours on
reasonable prior notice for purposes of completely inspecting the same and conducting a
survey, provided that Buyer restores any damage to the Property caused by Buyer, its
agents, employees and contractors in the course of its entry on the Property. Legal
possession and physical occupancy of the Property shall be delivered to Buyer at Closing.
Default. If Seller cannot, after using its best efforts and due diligence, convey title to the
Property, as required hereunder, then Buyer shail as its sole remedy have the right and
option to either (i) terminate this Contract or (ii) accept whatever title to the Property
Seller can convey.
Casualty; Condemnation. Risk of loss due to fire, other casualty, condemnation or
exercise of the fight of eminent domain shall remain with Seller until after Closing: and if
any material casualty or condemnation occurs prior to Closing, then Buyer and Seller shall
each have the right and option to terminate this Contract, whereupon neither Buyer nor
Seller shail have any further liability hereunder.
Broker. Buyer and Seller hereby represent and warrant to the other party that they have
not dealt with any reai estate broker, agent or finder in connection with this transaction.
Seller and Buyer each agree to indemnify and hold each other harmless from and against
any and all liability, loss, cost or expense in connection with claims of any such agent,
broker or finder based on the actions or agreement of the respective indemnitors
hereunder.
Notices. All notices and other communications required or permitted hereunder shall be in
writing and mailed in the United States mail, postage prepaid, certified or registered mail,
or overnight courier, addressed to Seller or Buyer, as the case may be, at the address
therefor set forth below, or at such other address as either party shall hereafter designate
by like notice, or by telecopy transmission to the telecopy number designated as set forth
below (with a copy of any telecopy transmission to be sent by United States mail). Any
such notice, if mailed as provided herein, shall be deemed to have been given on the date
mailed and received on the expiration of two (2) business days after mailing. Any telecopy
transmission shall be deemed given and received on the date the telecopy is transmitted
and received:
If to Seller, then to:
Roger J. Trudeau
Director - Reai Estate
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
700 North Adams Street
P.O. Box 19002
Green Bay, WI 54307-9002
Facsimile Number: 920/431-4815
001.1372021.14 1 5
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
With a copy to:
Patrick M. Zabrowski
Foley & Lardner
777 East Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, WI 53202-5306
Facsimile Number: 414/297-4900
IftoBuyer, then to:
Jackson Kinney
City of Oshkosh
215 Church Avenue
Oshkosh, WI 54902
Facsimile Number: 920-236-5053
With a copy to:
Pamela E. Barker
Godfrey & Kahn, S.C.
780 North Water Street
Milwaukee, WI 53202-3590
Facsimile Number: 414/273-5198
Modification. Neither this Contract nor any term, covenant or condition hereof may be
modified or amended, except by an agreement in writing, executed and delivered by the
party against whom enforcement of such modification or amendment is sought.
Successors; Assigns. This Contract and all of the terms, covenants and conditions hereof
and of the various instruments executed and delivered pursuant hereto shall be binding
upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and
assigns and shall survive Closing. Buyer shall not be permitted to assign any or all of its
rights hereunder, without first obtaining the consent of Seller, which consent shall not be
unreasonably withheld or delayed; however, Buyer may assign this Contract to any agency
of the City of Oshkosh or other entity controlled by the City of Oshkosh without Seller's
consent provided that the City of Oshkosh is not released from its obligations under this
Contract.
Headings. The headings of the paragraphs and subparagraphs of this Contract are for
purposes of convenience only and shall in no way affect the construction of any of the
terms, covenants or conditions hereo£
Time Is of the Essence. Buyer and Seller agree that time is of the essence with respect to
all dates set forth in this Contract.
Closing. The closing of the transaction set forth herein (herein referred to as "Closing")
shall take place in the offices of the Title Company or at such other place as is mutually
agreeable by Seller and Buyer on or before the date which is thirty (30) days after the date
Buyer obtains the Assurance Letter or waives the contingency relating thereto.
Applicable Law. This Contract shall be construed in accordance with the laws of the State
of Wisconsin.
001.1372021.14 16
20.
21.
Counterparts. This Contract may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be
deemed to be an original~ but which together shall constitute one original Contract.
Effective Date. This Contract will not be effective until it has been executed by, and
counterparts of the same delivered to, all parties. A facsimile copy of this Contract and
any signature thereon shall be considered for all purposes as originals.
22.
Severability. If any term, covenant or condition of this Contract or the application thereof
to any person or circumstance shall, to any extent, be invalid or unenforceable, then the
remainder of this Contract, and the application of such term, covenant or condition to
persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid or unenforceable,
shall not be affected thereby, and each and every term, covenant and condition of this
Contract shall be valid and be enforced to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Contract to be
executed by their duly authorized officers, sealed and delivered as of the day and year first above
written.
BUYER:
CITY OF OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN
Ap r ed: .
~ ~l. korens~m'r;',_gsst. City Att'orney
City ~of Oshkosh
I hereby certify mat th,e, necessary provisions
have been made to pay the liability which will
accrue under this contract.
City Comptroller
BUYER:
CITY OF OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN
By: ~1 rli ',
~~ C%{y Clerk
scoNsm muc ss mC
CO. OPTION
By:
001.137202t.I 4 ] 7
Document Number
EXHIBIT C
DECLARATION OF EASEMENTS
Recording Area
Name and Return Address
Roger J. Trudeau
Director - Real Estate
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation
700 North Adams Street
P.O. Box 19002
Green Bay, Wisconsin 54307-9002
Parcel Identification Number ('PIN)
CITY OF OSHKOSH
AND
WISCONSIN PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION
This document was drafted by Patrick M. Zabrowski of Foley & Lardner.
001.1423018.3
DECLARATION OF EASEMENTS
THIS DECLARATION OF EASEMENTS ("Declaration") is made and entered
into as of the day of ,2003, by and between the CITY OF OSHKOSH ("City")
and WISCONSIN PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION ("WPSC").
RECITALS:
A. City is the legal title holder of the premises described on Exhibit A
("Parcel A"). WPSC is the legal title holder of the premises described on Exhibit B ("Parcel B").
Parcel A and Parcel B are hereinafter sometimes individually referred to as a "Parcel" and
collectively as "Parcels."
B. WPSC and City desire to establish for the benefit of the other party certain
easements, rights, privileges and restrictions in, on, over and under Parcel A as hereinafter set
forth.
NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants
herein contained, and other good and valuable consideration in hand paid, the receipt and
sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. Driveway Easement. City hereby grants and conveys to WPSC a
perpetual, nonexclusive easement in the area of Parcel A described on Exhibit C (the "Driveway
Easement Area") for installing, maintaining, replacing and using a driveway providing ingress to
and egress from the Driveway Easement Area to provide access to Parcel B. WPSC shall install
a one lane asphalt driveway on the Driveway Easement Area no later than nine (9) months after
receiving plans for the driveway from the City. If the City desires a larger driveway on the
Driveway Easement Area, the City shall be responsible for installing and paying for the cost of
installing such driveway. WPSC shall, at its sole cost and expense, maintain, repair and replace
any driveway improvements now or hereafter located on the Driveway Easement Area except
that City will be responsible for: (a) the cost of repairing any damage to the driveway
improvements caused by City and its contractors, licensees, agents, servants and employees; and
(b) if the City uses the driveway located on the Driveway Easement Area (other than occasional
use), City shall bear its fair share of costs based on the proportionate amount of use by City as
compared to WPSC. WPSC may terminate the easement on the Driveway Easement Area at any
time.
2. Operation Easement. City hereby grants and conveys to WPSC a
perpetual, nonexclusive easement for maintaining, repairing, replacing and othe~vise using the
groundwater monitoring, collection and gradient control system (collectively, the "System")
located on Parcel A. WPSC shall, at its sole cost and expense, maintain, repair and replace any
groundwater monitoring, collection and gradient control system improvements now or hereafter
located on Parcel A, except that the City will be responsible for the costs and expenses of
repairing any damage to System caused by the City and its agents, employees and contractors. In
the event WPSC must excavate in order to maintain, repair or replace the System, WPSC shall
secure and limit or restrict access to the area being excavated and shall with reasonable diligence
proceed to complete the maintenance, repair or replacement of the System. In the event a
001.1423018.3
Voluntary Party Liability Exemption Certificate of Completion under § § 292.15 Wis. Stats., or
its successor, is obtained for the System and environmental conditions relating thereto so that the
System is no longer necessary, WPSC shall remove the System and restore the easement area to
substantially the same condition it was in immediately prior to the System being removed, and
the Operation Easement shall be terminated and of no further force and effect. WPSC shall
execute any reasonable easement termination documents requested by the City.
3. Sediment Project Easement. City grants to WPSC an easement to use that
portion of Parcel A described on Exhibit C attached hereto (the "Sediment Easement Area") for
use in conjunction with WPSC's Fox River sediment mmediation activities, if any, that WPSC
may conduct in the future. This easement is perpetual, provided however, WPSC shall not be
entitled to use the Sediment Easement Area during the months of June, July or August in any
calendar year unless WPSC obtains City's prior written consent. City shall not place any
structures or other improvements (other than landscaping, walkways, sprinkler systems and
pavement) on the Sediment Easement Area without the express written consent of WPSC.
WPSC may limit or completely restrict access to the Sediment Easement Area during the course
of WPSC's actual use of such area for sediment remediation and activities relating thereto
(including preparation and staging) by anyone other than employees, agents and contractors of
WPSC or appropriate emergency personnel (fire, police, medical, hazardous materials), except as
otherwise expressly approved in writing by WPSC. WPSC shall keep the Sediment Easement
Area secure by fencing or other appropriate means during its actual use of the Sediment
Easement Area and shall remove the fence or other security measures and restore the Sediment
Easement Area to substantially the same condition it was in immediately prior to WPSC's actual
use of the area including without limitation repair or replacement of any landscaping, walkways,
sprinkler systems or pavement no later than May 31 of each year, so that the City can use the
Sediment Easement Area during the months of June, July and August.
4. Indemnifications.
(a) City agrees to indemnify, defend and save WPSC and its officers,
directors, members, employees and all persons claiming by or through them, harmless
from and against all claims of whatever nature: (i) arising from any act, omission or
negligence of City, or City's contractors, licensees, agents, servants or employees; (ii)
arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused by City to any person, or
to the property of any person, or from any violation of applicable law, resulting from any
willful or negligent act or omission of City or City's contractors, licensees, agents,
servants or employees; or (iii) arising out of, related to or attributed to any breach by the
City of its obligations under this Declaration. This indemnity and hold harmless
provision shall include indemnity against all costs, expenses and liabilities, including
reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred in or in connection with any such claim or
proceeding brought thereon, and the defense thereof.
(b) WPSC agrees to indemnify, defend and save City and its officers,
directors, members, employees and all persons claiming by or through them, harmless
from and against ail claims of whatever nature: (i) arising from any act, omission or
negligence of WPSC, or WPSC's contractors, licensees, agents, servants or employees;
(ii) arising from any accident, injury or damage whatsoever caused by WPSC to any
2
001.1423018.3
person, or to the property of any person, or from any violation of applicable law, resulting
from any willful or negligent act or omission of WPSC or WPSC's contractors, licensees,
agents, servants or employees; or (iii) arising out of, related to or attributed to any breach
by WPSC of its obligations under this Declaration. This indemnity and hold harmless
provision shall include indemnity against all costs, expenses and liabilities, including
reasonable attorneys' fees, incurred in or in connection with any such claim or
proceeding brought thereon, and the defense thereof.
5. General Provisions.
(a) Successors and Assigns. Notwithstanding any other covenant or
agreement contained herein, the easements, covenants, rights, privileges, benefits and
obligations created hereby shall run with the land and inure to the benefit of and be
binding upon the parties hereto, their successors and assigns, tenants, subtenants,
licensees, concessionaires, suppliers, customers, employees, agents and invitees. The
easement granted in paragraph 1 above is appurtenant to Parcel B.
(b) Modification Provisions. This Declaration may not be modified in
any respect whatsoever, or rescinded in whole or in part with the written consent of
WPSC and the owner of Parcel A.
(c) Breach Shall Not Permit Termination. It is expressly agreed that
no breach of this Declaration shall entitle any owner of the Parcels to cancel, rescind or
otherwise to terminate this Declaration, but such limitation shall not affect in any manner,
any other rights or remedies which such owner may have hereunder by reason of any
breach of this Declaration. Any breach of any of said covenants or restrictions shall not
defeat or render invalid the lien of any mortgage or deed of trust made in good faith for
value, but such covenants or restrictions shall be binding upon and effective against such
owner of any of said property or any portion thereof whose title thereto is acquired by
foreclosure, trustee's sale or otherwise.
(d) Validity and Severance. If any clause, sentence or other portion of
this Declaration shall become illegal, null or void for any reason, or shall be held by any
court of competent jurisdiction to be so, the remaining portion thereof shall remain in full
force and effect.
(e) Laws and Regulations. The easements herein granted shall be
subject to all lawful requirements, including zoning and local laws and ordinances
regarding subdivisions.
3
001.1423018.3
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Declaration as
of the day and year first above written.
CITY OF OSHKOSH
By:
Its:
WISCONSIN PUBLIC SERVICE
CORPORATION
By:
Its:
4
001,1423018.3
STATE OF WISCONSIN )
)
COUNTY OF .)
I, ., a Notary Public in and for the said County, in the
State aforesaid, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that as
of the CITY OF OSHKOSH, who is personally known to me to be the same person whose name
is subscribed to the foregoing instrument as such of said City,
appeared before me this day in person and acknowledged that he/she signed and delivered the
said instrument as his/her o~vn free and voluntary act and as the free and voluntary act of said
City for the uses and purposes therein set forth.
GIVEN under my hand and notariaI seal this __ day of
,2003.
Notary Public
STATE OF WISCONSIN )
)
COUNTY OF )
I, , a Notary Public in and for the said County, in the
State aforesaid, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that as
of WISCONSIN PUBLIC SERVICE CORPORATION, who is personally kno~vn to me to be the
same person whose name is subscribed to the foregoing instrument as such
appeared before me this day in person and acknowledged that he/she signed and delivered the
said instrument as his/her own free and voluntary act and as the free and voluntary act of said
Corporation for the uses and purposes therein set forth.
GIVEN under my hand and notarial seal this __ day of
,2003.
Notary Public
5
001.1423018.3
EXHIBIT A
A-1
001.1423018.3
EXHIBIT B
001.1423018.3
EXHIBIT C
001.1423018.3 C-[