HomeMy WebLinkAboutMunicipal SolarThe University of Wisconsin Oshkosh
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh
Proposal for the City of Oshkosh Sustainability Advisory Board
Julia Steffes, Austin Mottl, Claire Clough
Environmental Studies 490: Senior Seminar
Dr. Jim Feldman
December 13, 2019
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 1
Table of Contents
Executive Summary
Background
Figure 1&2
Problem Identification
Proposed Action
Google: Project Sunroof
Public Opinions on Solar Energy
Figures 3-6
Stakeholders
Chris Collins
Jon Urben
Steven Wiley
Jesse Michalski
Audra Hoy
Benchmarking
Madison
La Crosse and Eau Claire
Fayetteville, Arkansas
Duluth, Minnesota
Barriers
Defining a Public Utility
Social
Education
Cost
Grants
Third Party Financing
Estimates and Return on Investment
Lifespan of Solar
Significance to Sustainability
Conclusion
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
10
11
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15
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Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 2
Executive Summary
Fossil fuel emissions have been on the rise since the industrial revolution in the 19th
century and are contributing to the climate change crisis. Because the majority of energy
worldwide is produced through the burning of coal, a major contributor to the current 401 parts
per million of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere, it has never been more important to find
alternative renewable energy sources.
This report illustrates how the implementation of solar photovoltaic technology on
publicly owned buildings in the City of Oshkosh can reduce the city's ecological footprint,
increase monthly savings on electric utility costs, contribute to Wisconsin's green economy, and
advance the goals of the city's sustainability plan. Furthermore, the initial proposal investigated
the implementation of solar panels on City of Oshkosh owned buildings. While the following
report is still discussing this, our findings indicate that the implementation of solar panels on
city -owned buildings is a long term goal, and further collaboration and research is needed for a
successful transition into solar energy.
This report outlines stakeholders, identified in Oshkosh and surrounding areas, as people
and businesses that affect the successful implementation of a City of Oshkosh solar project.
Collaborative efforts that engage all stakeholders and the City of Oshkosh departments are
critical in advancing solar technology to city buildings. Most critically, establishing a proper site
selection process for potential solar should be targeted at energy -intensive buildings, which will
create the most productive solar panel projects. Using criteria based on average yearly solar
exposure, roof type, and electric utility usage and price, estimations regarding initial cost and
return on investment can be established. This report outlines Oshkosh North High School as a
prime example of solar installation in the City of Oshkosh.
Benchmarking is an opportunity to see how solar infrastructure is being incorporated into
other cities and to evaluate the success of other projects in comparison to a potential solar plan
for the City of Oshkosh. This report evaluates potential financial models to subsidize the initial
cost of implementation and reduce the timeline for return on investment. While some barriers
were identified, that may limit financial options, and there are several opportunities and models
that increase financial resources for municipalities like the City of Oshkosh.
The benefits of solar go far beyond the ecological and economic analysis but aims to
build stronger communities and encourage citizens to engage and take pride in their city. While
additional research and collaboration is needed before solar is a feasible option for the City of
Oshkosh, the research presented in this report illustrates the benefits and ways for the City of
Oshkosh to move forward with solar projects in the future.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 3
Background
Building Wisconsin's Green Economy
The renewable energy market is growing in Wisconsin. The Bureau of Labor Statistics
places solar photovoltaic installation as the fastest growing profession in the state, with a 63.3%
change from 2018 - 2028 (Fastest Growing Occupations). With an estimated 92.79 MW of solar
installed in the state as of June 2019, the growth rate projection ranks Wisconsin at 21st in the
nation with over 981 MW of solar production over the next five years (Wisconsin Solar). See
figure 1. Solar prices continue to fall due to improved technology and learned proficiency in
manufacturing nationwide (Hamilton). As a result, it is predicted that over the next five years,
the overall cost of solar in Wisconsin will fall by 32% (Wisconsin Solar). Clean energy,
predominantly solar energy, is projected to be a key component in growing Wisconsin's green
economy and allows the state to match neighboring states' efforts in solar energy production. See
figure 2.
In addition to the exponential projected growth in the solar industry throughout
Wisconsin, Governor Tony Evers signed 2019 Executive Order #38 Relating to Clean Energy in
Wisconsin (Executive Order). Referencing the threat that climate change has on the state of
Wisconsin, Section 2a of the order declares that, by 2050, all electricity consumed in the state of
Wisconsin must be carbon -free (Executive Order). In the state of Wisconsin, LaCrosse, Eau
Claire, Madison, Middleton, and Monona have committed to 100% renewable energy by 2050,
and have made additional strides in achieving this goal through the implementation of solar
energy.
Two years ago, the City of Green Bay, WI, pledged to incorporate solar on select city
buildings. After the Wisconsin Department of Revenue delegated nearly $18 million of excess
Lambeau Field sales tax back to the municipalities of Brown County, the City of Green Bay put
out a request for proposals on how to utilize the funds (Bollier). Eland Electric, a company that
has expertise in solar infrastructure and installation throughout Northeast Wisconsin, submitted a
proposal and was awarded $60,000 to start a solar project in Green Bay (Michalski). While still
in the infancy stage, the City of Green Bay is a key example of the expansion in solar energy in
Wisconsin municipalities. This further supports the data on the exponential growth of the solar
industry. As Northeast Wisconsin continues to expand solar utility and infrastructure, it will not
only be contributing to the environmental sustainability associated with establishing sources of
clean energy but also contribute to growing the green economy throughout the State of
Wisconsin.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 4
Figure 1
Wisconsin Annual Solar Installations
zs
20
15
q
4
U 10
2010 2011 2012 T 2014 2015 2016 2017 2010 1H 2O19
R.11d.m"1 Hon•RxsldmnGal U011tV
Solar Spotlight - Wisconsin . 2019, Solar Spotlight - Wisconsin www.scia.org/sites/default/files/2019-09/Factsheet Wisconsin.pdf.
Figure 2
Top 10 States
California
25,016 MW
North Carolina
5,467 MW
Arizona
3,788 MW
Nevada
3,452 MW
Florida
3,156 MW
Texas
2,957 MW
New Jersey
2,829MW
Massachusetts
2,535 MW
New York
1,718MW
Utah
1,661 MW
Georgia
1,S72MW
"Sotar Industry Research Data." SEIA, www.seia.org/sotar-industiy-research-data.
ity (MW)
Aw
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 5
Problem Identification
Climate change is the defining issue of our time, and it is a consensus among the
scientific community that its effects will compromise humanity's health and prosperity (Climate
Change). The fifth assessment report released by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change states that climate change is real and human activities are the leading cause (Climate
Change). As societies advance and as the world population continues to grow exponentially,
energy demands have also increased.
One of the major impacts of climate change we are already seeing in the City of Oshkosh
and surrounding areas are the increased algal blooms evident in the Great Lakes and the lake
system in the Fox/ Wolf Watershed. These algal blooms can be attributed to the increased
rainfall and storm frequency as a direct result of climate change. These storms increase runoff
into our riverways and lakes, affecting water quality and the integrity of the vulnerable
ecosystems (What Climate Change Means for Wisconsin).
Greenhouse gas emissions result from the burning of fossil fuels with the most abundant,
accounting for two-thirds of greenhouse gas emissions, which is carbon dioxide (Climate
Change). According to scientists, the safe level of carbon dioxide in the air is 350 parts per
million (ppm). However, since the industrial revolution in the 19th century, the amount has
grown exponentially from about 208ppm to 401ppm in 2016 (Setiawan). The state of Wisconsin
currently relies on the burning of fossil fuels as over 50% of Wisconsin's electricity is generated
from coal. A transition to renewable energy sources, such as solar photovoltaic technology, is
necessary to reduce not only the ecological footprint of the City of Oshkosh and the entire state
but will allow the city to become more economically self-sufficient (U.S. Energy Information
Administration).
While current renewable energy use data in the City of Oshkosh is limited, the
sustainability plan is striving towards more renewable energy use in the future. Within the
Oshkosh Sustainability Plan, the city wants to ensure that building codes allow for the
development of more renewable energy sources. Also, residents and businesses are encouraged
to look into more sustainable energy imports offered by Wisconsin Public Services (City of
Oshkosh). More cities and states nationwide are committing to more sustainable futures,
Oshkosh is looking to follow a similar path. Currently, there are a few renewable energy sources
within the UW Oshkosh campus, including Sage Hall and the Career and Education Resource
Center. These are a few of the more well-known examples around the city. Other buildings, like
the Oshkosh Senior Center, have been evaluated for solar feasibility, and the data can be used for
future proposals.
The company Sunvest in May of this year surveyed the Oshkosh Senior Center in
collaboration with the City Planning department. They did a comprehensive evaluation of the
building and created a detailed proposal; this can be found in the appendix. Their preliminary
findings showed where they would put the panels, the upfront cost, and benefits, the return on
investment timeline, and how much energy and cost savings would result in implementation.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 6
They propose 80 of the 72 cell tier 1 330W solar modules, and this system would produce an
estimated 32750 kWh after one year of production. They show that the solar panels will offset
33% of the energy demands of the building. This is a decent offset, and when they attach this
cost, this has more meaning. They determined that if solar was to be installed on the Senior
Center Building, that over $115,000 would be saved in energy utility costs over a 30-year period.
This payback period may seem long, but this is in line with many other solar payback programs
currently. This proposal is an example of solar panel viability in the City of Oshkosh that can be
used as a model for future research. It lays out precisely what is needed for initial plans, and lays
the ground for more individualized focus according to specific projects. This proposal is the
future for other proposals like this, and action must be taken to further these project plans.
Individuals, organizations, and city departments outlined later in the report are encouraged to be
collaborated with in order to achieve proper solar feasibility in Oshkosh.
Social opinion can definitely be a barrier when pursuing projects with renewable
energies. These new technologies require access to natural resources and the environment,
leading to them being placed in highly visible areas. There is a strong movement that pushes the
"not in my backyard" slogan. This group voices concern over the aesthetics and the unknowns of
these technologies. Many feel as well that the large systems ruin the landscape. This can be a
hurdle for many programs wishing to move forward with projects of this type. However, out of
all renewables solar, depending on application type can be hidden in urban settings effectively.
Solar energy is also the least controversial of renewable energy technologies. The current social
climate is such that projects like this can breakthrough and succeed. A lot can be done to
counteract these fears, such as education, through community outreach. By working through the
concerns of a community in a learning environment, it is easier to foster new options and growth.
Proposed Action
Taking into account all of the data provided throughout the remainder of this report, we
strongly suggest that the City of Oshkosh seriously consider implementing solar panel systems
on select city -owned buildings. This action will put Oshkosh at the forefront of solar
infrastructure and renewable energy production within Northeast Wisconsin. If Oshkosh is
successful at implementing a solar program, it can act as a model for other cities in the state.
Because this technology has not been implemented at the city level in many Wisconsin cities,
further collaboration with city departments, educational institutions, and regional solar
companies is needed for a successful solar project outcome. Additional research and
collaborative action allows for the further development of Wisconsin's green economy.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 7
Google: Project Sunroof
Google: Project Sunroof is a program that uses Google aerial and thermal imaging
software. In addition, it provides estimated calculations on upfront costs, average monthly
savings, and estimated total savings over a 20 year period after the solar purchase (Project
Sunroof). The interactive data explorer utilizes Google's mapping and computing resources to
evaluate the total solar potential for the region. While this tool is targeted at individual
homeowners and calculates in the 30% federal tax credit provided for solar installation, the data
is still useful in determining solar exposure, viability, and potential impact. According to Project
Sunroof for the City of Oshkosh, in the 54901 area code, 75% of buildings have solar -viability
(Project Sunroof). in addition, while this report is not recommending any specific building in
which to implement solar panel systems, utilizing criteria provided by solar contractors and
Project Sunroof methodology, the City of Oshkosh water treatment Plant, police department, and
city hall prove to be viable options. See figure 7.
Figure 7
Sunny
City Hall: 215 Church Ave Water Treatment Plant:
Police Department: 420 Jackson 233 N Campbell Rd
"Project Sunroof- Data Explorer 1 54901." Google Project Sunro% Google, Nov. 2018,
www. eooele. com/yet/sunroof`/data-explorer/place/ChIJnZEMbEHnA4eRfdRx 11Jxo-A/#'?overlay—flux.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 8
Public Opinions on Solar energy
There are growing concerns about the longevity of our fossil fuel sources and the
negative economic, environmental, and social impacts of fossil fuels. The world is beginning to
see the effects these unrenewable fuel sources are having on the integrity of the planet.
Alternatives to these fuel sources have been developed and are being continuously improved
upon, increasing in popularity over time. This increasing popularity can be seen not only in
media and social movements but also in government policies. The shift in thinking and social
norms has helped the renewable energy sector grow tremendously. To analyze these changes in
opinions, surveys, and data are presented that show an overall increase in approval and
acceptance of solar and other renewable energy sources.
The first study categorized demographic differences based on political opinion, age, the
prioritization level of implementing new technologies, etc. On average, this poll found that
"Two-thirds of Americans give priority to developing alternative energy over fossil fuels"
(Kennedy). This survey was conducted by the Pew Research Center from 2011 through 2017.
The first study shows that, on average, Americans favor prioritizing and development of
alternative energy sources over the expansion of the fossil fuel industry. The graph trend
provided shows the increasing percentage from 2011 growing through 2017. The trend is
increasing over the seven years, and future predictions assume that the trend will continue to
increase positively. Currently, 65% of U.S. adults are in favor of alternative energies, while 27%
are in favor of the expansion of fossil fuels (Kennedy). See figure 3.
Next, the divide between Republicans and Democrats and their energy priorities are
represented. Democrats and Republicans, both on average, have a majority of support for the
expansion of wind and solar energy. While Democratic voters tend to prioritize the development
of these technologies, their counterparts hold a close majority as well. Republicans overall state
that developing these alternative sources is a priority, but the majority still wish to continue to
expand the production of fossil fuels (Kennedy). See figure 4. However, there continues to be
majority support for the development of alternative energy technologies between both parties.
The last graph focuses on how age influences opinions on alternative energies and fossil
fuels. Younger people (18-29) tend to favor prioritizing alternative energy sources at 75% over
the expansion of fossil fuels, while the older generations still prioritize it at 50%. The poll overall
shows that the population wants to see more development of these renewable technologies, and it
is across the board supported. The divided views are becoming less, and this shows that this is a
critical time to move forward with solar projects. See figure 5.
The overall state of public opinion on solar is very high currently, as illustrated in the
previous surveys. However, there is still debate on alternative energies, and public opinion is
subject to many influences. Looking closer at this idea, we used the Public acceptance of
renewable energy technologies from an abstract versus concrete perspective and the positive
imagery of solar power study. This poll gathered opinion data on solar focusing on public
perceptions. Still, more specifically, it looks at how they propose the questions and whether the
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 9
ideas proposed are abstract or concrete. The study focused on how people think about renewable
energy topics and how language can influence perception. They concentrate on presentation and
language because they want to use their findings to develop effective communication strategies
in policymaking to positively impact public perception of energy systems. See figure 6.
As for the implications of this study on policy making, it seems to have an encouraging
effect on how language will be used to address this topic moving forward. The researchers also
decided that if people are allowed to develop a deeper understanding of the system and the
trade-offs, this could mitigate the negative reactions among people who were conscious of
moving forward with these projects. By doing this, they create an accurate picture of solar
power, and this imagery will be linked with an overall acceptance of renewables. This is all
achieved by making sure to ask the right types of questions, discussing ways to judge the level of
acceptance, and how to present the topic in a way that connects on a concrete level. That will be
the predictor of public acceptance.
The public perception of renewables is at an all-time high; however, solar power is
further illustrated in a positive light as having additional symbolic qualities. Solar panels are tied
to a positive community outlook that is valuable for attracting interested people to the city. These
associations can make or break a project, so positive connections and examples must be
successfully implemented before, during, and after a project to ensure its continued success.
In summary, these public opinion polls looked at different aspects of the solar power
debate. Collectively, the surveys illustrated the growing trend towards the acceptance of
renewable energy sources across the board. The first study was divided into demographic
categories, while the other ignored individual backgrounds and analyzed the overall acceptance
of the technological change. The studies showed not only an overall positive trend of renewable
energy acceptance but showed that solar energy was the frontrunner for social acceptance. Solar
is seen as the least invasive and least controversial of the vast renewable energies available. In
conclusion, solar projects and initiatives are vastly accepted by the public and are likely to be
supported by the Oshkosh community. This support helps give validity to the timing of our
project. We see that now is the time to propose these projects.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 10
Figure 3
Most in U.S. 0 ve ,prierity to developing
alternative ener ' over fossil fuels
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3 mpor't� r1lT�rt'or�Cyftrr 13dd�e��3rag.3�aterti� s��er�y�
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2011 2012 2013 2414 2015 2016 2017
Ken> ; Brian. "%fast in L'S Szy Utemal re Energy Takes
Prig , over Fossil Fuels." Perk Research C-Emiem-
Pen° Resea h Centff, 23 JnL 2017
Figure 5
Younger Americans more likelyto
prioritize alternative energy sources
Po f)f US. aduhs EOw say_ slwuld be Oze more
importantpriorilyfor addressing Americas energy
supply
■ Expand production ofoil, coal, naturalgas
■ Alternative souro s such as wind. sole r
1&29
3&49
50-64
g,5+
Kennedy, Brian. "Most in US Say Alternative Energy Takes
Priority over Fossil Fuels." Pew Research Center,
Pew Research Center, 23 Jan. 2017
Figure 4
Lame divide between Republicans and
Democrats -over energy priorities
of adults who say aheruagiv sources should be
the more rrraaoortra�ttpriarity for�ddres�at2g�merf��
energy suiaFip
G raL-'Lean tern
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�.� Republica nJLeanRep
2021 2012 2013 2014 2025 2011' 2017
Keaned ; Brian '`Mast in VS Sa3 AitemAn-e Foam, Takes
Priority over Fossil Fuels.' Pmv Research CerteL.
Pew Research Center, 23 Jm 201?
Figure 6
The acceptance rate for ht droeleebiq v% nd and solar pmner. and the
abstract or enneeptuay preseutiag the topic.
SiAterlia, Bernadette, and Michael Siet3ist. Public Acceptance of
Remmvable Enerev Techwlcsies from as Abstract Versus
C.aneretePerspect:i-eand the Positive Imagers of Solar
Pon,ac vol- 106, , 2017
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 11
Stakeholders
Sunvest Solar. Inc
Chris Collins: Project Manager
Chris Collins is a lead project manager for Suavest Solar and has been working with solar
projects since 2005. Sunvest Solar is committed to producing a more sustainable future for the
coming American generations. For our project, Chris is a key stakeholder because of his interest
in solar communities, his prior work with solar within our area, and his company potentially
could carry out this project. Being in the solar industry for so long, Chris understands the keys to
success and how to maximize the efficiency of solar power. Chris was very in favor of this solar
infrastructure project because he thinks it is essential for communities to start making a switch to
more sustainable ways of producing energy before it is too late. During the interview, he
explained what type of roofs were the most effective, buildings that use the most energy are the
most efficient, and community involvement are all very important. He mentioned being able to
get specific statistics for installation costs and return investments on city buildings within
Oshkosh to push our project forward. Not only did he mention how important it is to switch to
renewables, but Suavest also wants its customers and communities to be informed on how to
become more sustainable and in what ways solar can fulfill some of these sustainability needs.
City of Oshkosh
Jon Urben: General Services Manager
Jon Urben is the general services manager for the city of Oshkosh. He is keen on
sustainability and the switch to a greener community. Having the role of the City of Oshkosh
General Services Manager, Jon has the ability to review any projects run through the city and
evaluate the effects of these projects. His role and the department would be the leading group to
oversee the development of a potential solar project and review the plans, specifications, and
determine the contractor. In an interview with him, Jon stated that while solar undoubtedly has
potential, he cautioned about immediate implementation as the city departments do not have
enough background, research, or education on the topic. He suggested, prior to making an
official recommendation, that we further promote education and community collaboration of
relevant stakeholders. In this regard, an additional section was added to this report to establish
relationships with educational institutions and foster roundtable discussions about solar
feasibility in the City of Oshkosh. Efforts have been made in the past; however, the information
provided throughout this report may lead to interesting future discussions.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 12
City of Oshkosh
Steven Wiley: Assistant Planner with Planning Services and Community Development
Steven Wiley is the assistant planner with planning services and community development
for the city of Oshkosh, and he also supports the sustainability board. Steven is important for this
project because he bridges the divide between multiple groups within our project. As a part of
the city staff, he interacts with numerous other city stakeholders and can inform us about their
general opinions and concerns for our project. When asked about the general views of the staff
and board members, he identified a few people in the community who had attempted these
projects and replied with what went well and the setbacks they faced. He also shared some
general opinions of the board; we used the concerns to make sure that we addressed those points
of concern thoroughly. When asked about his personal opinion of the project and solar in
general, he stated that he has a particular interest in solar and has studied it on and off. He
believes that if the technology exists, why not harness this potential energy for the city's benefit.
Steven thinks that the city could become self-sufficient, and that would be popular amongst
many of the council and city staff.
Eland Electric Corp.
Jesse Michalski: Solar Specialist
Eland Electric Corporation is a team of electricians that work throughout the State of
Wisconsin and has a growing presence in the Fox Valley region. Jesse Michalski is the solar
specialist for the company that has spent the past 16 years as an electrician and has developed a
specialty in solar as the company expanded its renewable energy efforts. Michalski's expertise in
not only working with other municipalities to implement solar but on the specifications and
codes that go along with successful solar energy production is vital to successfully harnessing
solar as a sustainable energy source. Roof type, building age, average daily sun exposure,
building's current energy usage, and utility prices, are a few key components to take into account
when implementing a rooftop solar system. Recommendations made from Michalski reflected
these factors as he stated that schools, fire departments, city garages, etc. typically have flat
roofs, high utility rates, and usage and decent solar exposure, making these buildings excellent
candidates for solar implementation. In addition to Michalski's recommendations on site
selection, he was able to provide insight on initial costs and return on investment for
implementing solar systems in the City of Oshkosh.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 13
Greater Oshkosh Economic Development Corporation
Audra Hoy: Director of Business & Economic Development
Audra Hoy is an active community member serving on the Shapiro STEM Academy
Board (President), Oshkosh Food Co-op Site Selection Committee (Team Lead), Alta Resources
Center for Entrepreneurship & Innovation Advisory Board, Town of Algoma Planning
Commission (Vice -Chair), Town of Algoma Economic Development Committee, and Northeast
Wisconsin Modern Quilt Guild (President). Coupled with her role at Greater Oshkosh Economic
Development Corporation, Audra is uniquely qualified to speak about the impacts of
implementing solar panels on city owned buildings. She emphasizes that the financial timeline of
the project is not a concern because if the return on investment exists, then the city will benefit
from the cost savings in the long run. Audra advised, that if a solar project were implemented, in
light of the recent conversations regarding water utility costs for residents, would recommend
full transparency to City of Oshkosh residents on how the city is utilizing the energy savings. See
appendix A.
Benchmarking
Madison
The city of Madison, WI, is taking strides towards becoming a renewable energy leader
within the state and is making progress within its solar energy department specifically.
Madison's goal is to create a state of balance between the natural and built environments wherein
humans, plants, and animal communities live in harmony (City of Madison). One of the first
steps is educating the community on the importance of renewables and why the transition is
important for the future. The City of Madison's sustainability page offers a program called
MadiSun, which provides lower costs to residents and businesses by buying together. There are
also free community education sessions offered to teach how solar works and why renewables, in
general, are greater than fossil fuels (City of Madison). There are two leading community solar
examples found within Madison: the Alicia Ashman Library and the engineering service
building. The library displays within its entrance an educational display of how photovoltaic
energy systems work. It was installed in 2008 and generates 8,665kwh of energy equaling 6.9
tons of carbon savings annually (City of Madison). The engineering service building was
installed in 2007 and generated 5,254kwh of energy -saving 4.2 tons of carbon annually (City of
Madison). With solar energy on the rise, Madison intends on working towards a zero net energy
standard by 2030 for new buildings and project developments (City of Madison). This is similar
to Oshkosh's sustainability goals for 2020 and is something to look towards in the future.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 14
La Crosse and Eau Claire
The cities of La Crosse and Eau Claire WI, have been taking steps in the right direction
with solar power. They have made room for solar energy to grow in their communities by
collecting research regarding solar energy as it relates to planning, permitting, and education
("Getting Started With Solar"). They are doing this to help become recognized as SolSmart
cities. SolSmart is an organization funded by the U.S Department of Energy Solar Energy
Technologies Office ("Nationally Distinguished. Locally Powered"). Their goal is to make it
faster, easier, and more affordable to go solar. SolSmart helps local governments and
organizations by providing no -cost technical assistance to help the communities become "open
for solar business." Individually, La Crosse is hoping to earn recognition from SolSmart, through
their tiered program.
There are three tiers; the first is bronze, silver, and the highest tier is gold. Since they had
launched this program in 2016, the organization had more than 300 cities, counties, or regional
organizations that have achieved one of their designations ("Nationally Distinguished. Locally
Powered"). La Crosse is also being advised by the Midwest Renewable Energy Association
(MREA) to assist in professional training with solar PV and thermal systems. This technical
training helps the city with its objectives towards the SolSmart designation and helping to
increase the efficiency of all local processes related to solar development. The city has now
created a solar permitting checklist for citizens to follow when they are installing solar; they also
have finance and incentive resources along with solar mapping and production value resources
available. These are here to help citizens figure out initial cost and planning tools to help them
implement solar on their homes and buildings.
Eau Claire is furthering its initiatives to create a solar -friendly community by awarding
businesses, organizations, and individuals with environmentally sustainable awards targeted at
renewables and solar energy. Furthermore, their designated "Green Team" is promoting and
educating the community on how to appropriately incorporate solar energy. They also provide
additional resources on how to find a solar contractor, financial incentives, and the social,
economic, and environmental benefits (City of Eau Claire).
Currently, La Crosse and Eau Claire are supporting solar advancements and are educating
their communities on solar. Both cities recognize that sustainability is a collaborative effort, and
to further the creation of city-wide solar projects; they must also support citizens, businesses, and
organizations in their efforts to adopt sustainable practices themselves.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 15
Fayetteville, Arkansas
In January 2018, the City of Fayetteville adopted an Energy Action Plan that outlines the
methods by which the city can reach its goal of converting all city facilities to 100% clean
energy by 2030 (Solar Array Project). This plan was a collaborative effort among experts in
energy efficiency, green building design, renewable energy design, and installation, electric and
gas utilities, facilities management, and elected officials. Similar to the City of Oshkosh
Sustainability Plan for 2020, Fayetteville's Energy Action Plan is a purposeful and proactive
response to climate change that addresses social stability, economic security, and environmental
purity in line with their city's values and culture (Arkansans Can Take Steps).
In November 2018, the City Council of Fayetteville approved a third parry financing
agreement with two electric and solar companies, Ozarks Electric Cooperative and Today's
Power Inc. The purpose of this agreement was to construct solar power arrays on city -owned
land while fostering innovation and competition. The agreement states the city will lease
eighty-seven acres of public land to Today's Power Inc., where they will build and install solar
panels to power the surrounding wastewater treatment plants and other nearby city facilities. In
turn, the cost and responsibility of operating and maintaining the facility will fall to Today's
Power Inc., and the City of Fayetteville will purchase electricity generated by the arrays at a set
rate for the next 20 years. The initial investment on behalf of the city was to make electrical
system improvements to the sites totaling $716,946, paid through their Water/Sewer Reserve
Fund, and the calculated return on investment is 4.4 years. See Appendix B.
Because of their ambitious renewable energy goals, taking advantage of solar power was
a logical step. Analysis of current city utilities in early 2018 stated that 16% of the city's total
energy usage was produced by renewable energy. They also determined that 67% of the city's
total energy consumption was coming from the city's two wastewater treatment plants. The new
solar array is being constructed to transfer the wastewater treatment plants to 100% renewable
energy. Projections indicate that the solar array project will offset the energy usage of the two
wastewater treatment plants by 103% (Solar Array Project). Because a high energy consumptive
facility utilizes the energy produced by the solar array, the cost -benefit was higher. This
increased the city's total electric utility usage from 16% renewable energy to 72% renewable.
See figure 8.
Even though this example depicts a large scale ground -mounted solar photovoltaic array,
the City of Fayetteville is a prime example of how community collaboration and creative third
party financial modeling can successfully implement solar infrastructure to power city -owned
buildings. The Solar Array Project also shows a significantly quick return on investment time
due to there third party financing model. Environmental Director, Peter Nierengarten at the City
of Fayetteville stated that this financing agreement was by far the most viable option for the city
as all the city had to do was provide the land and pay their utility bill (Nierengarten).
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 16
Figure 8
Nierengarten, Peter, et al. Energy Action Plan. 2018, pp. 27, Energy Action Plan.
Duluth, Minnesota
Duluth, Minnesota, is always updating and reevaluating energy use within the city to become
more sustainable and ready for future energy implications. Their latest energy agenda, in 2017,
lays out a plan of action to reduce carbon emissions by 80% citywide by 2050 (City of Duluth).
This plan of action is in accordance with international carbon emissions goals set out by the UN
(City of Duluth). Fifteen thousand tons of greenhouse gases are planned to be reduced every four
years, which can be translated into real -world changes when it comes to emissions. Not only
does this increase sustainability within the city, but it also reaches the sustainability plan for
Duluth, which is similar to Oshkosh's 2020 goals to achieve an overall "greener" city with
respect to social, environmental, and economic ties.
With this 2017 energy plan, Duluth plans on continuing its expansion towards a greener
community. In doing so, they have partnered with three major organizations to promote this idea:
US Climate Mayors, America's Pledge on Climate Change, and Great Lakes Climate Adaptation
Network. Duluth mayor Emily Larson joined these organizations in 2017 in accordance with the
White House's withdrawal from the Paris Accords (City of Duluth). Through these
organizations, the mayor would like to develop more relationships with non -governmental
agencies to work towards a more resilient future (City of Duluth).
Three main projects have been developed in Duluth that revolve around solar power. Canal Park,
Wrenshall Array, and Rice Lake Road are the three most developed and established solar power
systems in Duluth. Canal Park was developed on June 6, 2017, and is a solar infrastructure
canopy that hosts electric car charging stations. Also, excess energy from the canopy is used to
power nearby light fixtures within the park and other energy needs throughout the park (City of
Duluth). The initial project cost approximately 378,000 to install, funded through donors (City of
Duluth). In its lifetime, the project has saved an estimated energy amount of 135MWh (Also
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 17
Energy). This translates out to 2,400 trees planted, 69,000 gallons of water collected, and 10,700
gallons of gasoline not used (Also Energy). No return on investment was calculated for this
project, but based on the environmental lifetime savings, it has proven very useful for the city.
Currently, around 33% of all energy in Duluth is supplied through renewable energy
sources. This number is planned to increase to approximately 50% by 2030 and 80% by 2050
(City of Duluth). Duluth represents a similar population and city agenda as Oshkosh, which is
why this example is so important. Not only does this project show the potential environmental
savings from these solar projects, but it also shows how other cities are starting to transition to
renewable energy sources that benefit not only the city but sets examples for future projects in
other cities.
Barriers
Defining a Public Utility
The majority of marketing and existing information for solar energy is targeted at
residential homes and property owners. This is primarily because they are subject to the 30%
federal tax credit, and there are fewer barriers associated with implementing solar on private
property as opposed to city -owned buildings. This is true for both of the solar companies we
spoke to Eland Electric Corporation and Sunvest.
When speaking with Jesse Michalski from Eland Electric, he stated that financing
was the main barrier, particularly for municipalities. In this regard, he spoke further on the
benefits of third party financing, but also raised a critical factor in moving forward with this
financing model in the State of Wisconsin. The language in the Wisconsin State Legislature and
statutes, outlined in Wisconsin Legislative Council Information Memorandum: Overview of
Wisconsin's Public Utility Regulatory System, are extremely broad. This unclear language
regarding public utilities make cities efforts' to obtain third party financing for solar installation
and infrastructure disorganized as this financial model is legally ambiguous.
In Milwaukee, Wisconsin, we see the language put to the test. Similarly to the Green Bay
model, Milwaukee put out a request for proposal to solar contractors to finance, design, and
install solar systems on a variety of municipal buildings in the City of Milwaukee (Michalski).
Eagle Point Solar was the LLC. awarded the project and was prepared to lease six solar systems
to the municipal site owners. However, WE Energies challenged the financing model. They
claimed that because Eagle Point Solar would own the majority of the solar arrays at the
beginning of the project, and was not a regulated utility provider, the agreement should be
deemed illegal (Boulton).
In an effort to combat WE Energy's reluctance to cooperate with the solar project, Eagle
Point Solar has asked the Public Service Commission to order WE Energies to move forward
with the project (Boulton). Eagle Point Solar faced opposition in Dubuque, Iowa, on an almost
identical case and fought it all the way through the Iowa Supreme Court. The company won in
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 18
2011, and they are hoping to do the same in Wisconsin (Uhlenhuth). Eagle Point Solar is
confident in its ability to fight Wisconsin utility companies in advocacy of third party financing
throughout the state. However, the language still stands, and current utility providers are
expected to fight against this model of solar implementation. Currently, leadership on the
Milwaukee City Council is motivated and ready to fight the utility company, as they want to
install as much solar as possible on city -owned buildings (Michalski). The outcome of this case
will set a precedent for the entire state of Wisconsin to see if all other cities, school districts,
counties, and other nonprofit entities have an additional way of paying for solar.
Social
The social barriers surrounding solar energy are essential to address as it may inhibit
future solar growth in the City of Oshkosh. However, it is also important to take the concerns
expressed in this section and incorporate them into education and outreach efforts to promote a
solar future. Many factors make solar seem like an impractical choice. However, this vision is
often influenced by current governmental regulations and numerous fossil fuel lobbyists. Many
of these regulations effectively control the social norms associated with renewable technologies.
They also influence and regulate the market, subsidies, and federal grants available for
advancing community and city solar projects.
Another widespread barrier is in regards to social and cultural influences that affect individuals
unwillingness to adopt renewable energy practices. The fear of solar being unreliable or a
general disinterest in solar developments lead to the disengagement of the community. That
disengagement is one of the main issues that hinder the renewable energy sector from developing
consistently everywhere. If the community loses interest and withdraws its support, the project
may fail. Keeping the community interested and engaged is important because developing a
more in-depth knowledge of the subject helps solar projects prosper.
The data collected in the surveys presented above showed that effective imagery and public
attitudes of solar are predominantly positive. They also concluded that by providing descriptions
of solar power infrastructure and how the process works is beneficial in evoking a positive
response from community members. Negative responses are typically expressed with perceived
disadvantages associated with change and switching current energy systems. However, negative
attitudes do not dominate public perception. Further education on the positive impacts of solar
panels may assist in addressing and concerns and foster a more positive atmosphere.
Lack of education on this particular subject is another significant social barrier many projects
need to overcome. The need for more education on these subjects is urgent. Without this
background knowledge, communities lose this awareness for renewable energy technologies and
the associated opportunities. Taking this into account, it is important to create a positive
atmosphere on the city level to change public opinion by creating a solar -friendly community.
Social barriers have a significant influence on the development of renewable energies and can be
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 19
challenging to navigate. However, with proper education and city action towards developing a
positive solar atmosphere in the community, the City of Oshkosh can establish successful solar
projects.
Education
The Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development has issued funding to help
hundreds of businesses and nonprofits to train workers and provide workforce development
assistance to their communities (Wisconsin Fast Forward Annual Report). Solar energy
implementation is on the rise in the State of Wisconsin, and this necessitates having adequately
trained professionals to install, operate, and maintain these systems. Assembly Bill 237 was
brought to the floor in 2019 and directed the Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development
to allocate funding to train and certify individuals in the solar installations and wind technician
trades. If approved, this bill would designate funding to educational institutions such as Fox
Valley Technical College to increase the specialized workforce needed to advance and achieve
renewable energy goals for the State of Wisconsin.
Furthermore, the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh is a leader in sustainable initiatives
and home to Sage Hall, which is ranked highly for its solar energy production. Understanding
how solar has already been implemented in the City of Oshkosh can foster new developments on
the city level. If educational institutions such as Fox Valley Technical College and the University
of Wisconsin Oshkosh come together to educate and discuss the potential benefits of solar in the
City of Oshkosh, city departments, organizations, businesses, and residents can all come together
and develop a positive solar climate.
Cost
According to public opinion surveys, financing is the primary concern when
implementing solar panels. According to Jesse Michalski, a solar specialist at Eland Electric,
communicating the impact and benefits of solar often lead to misconceptions about cost and
financing. However, there are several solutions that help alleviate the financial burden to
municipalities regarding installing solar systems on city -owned buildings.
Grants
Grants are one way to subsidize the initial cost of solar installation to municipalities, and
many can be found through the federal government hosted under the U.S. Department of Energy.
More specifically, the Office of Solar Technologies is the host of many initiatives and programs
that work to reduce the overall cost of installation, maintenance, and repairs to solar
infrastructure.
In 2011 Initiative SunShot was launched as a way to reduce the total costs associated
with solar energy with a target reduction rate of 75% by 2020 (U.S. Department of Energy).
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 20
With this initiative, the Solar Energy Technologies Office was developed and aimed to create a
knowledge base and develop technologies to improve solar viability further and reduce costs
further. It is expected that by the end of 2019, the SunShot Initiative alone will have funded over
80 solar projects totaling $130 million in awarded grant funding.
For example, in 2014, Eau Claire adopted solar -friendly city-wide practices and was awarded
funding through the SunShot: Grow Solar partnership. This allowed their city to become a
regional and national leader in solar city projects (City of Eau Claire). There are many
opportunities for local governments like the City of Oshkosh to advance their solar knowledge
and funding opportunities through grants and additional models.
Third Party Financing
The Federal Solar Tax Credit was established as an incentive for private home and land
owners to install solar systems on their property. In return, they would be allowed to deduct
30% of the installation cost of the solar system from their federal taxes. Because cities,
municipalities and other nonprofit entities do not pay federal taxes, they are not privy to the 30%
tax credit. Because of this barrier in financial incentive, there are very few viable ways that
cities are able to install solar technologies on city -owned buildings. Third party financing is a
practical solution and a key factor in making a financial model work.
Third party financing allows for two types of solar financing through a non-profit
company: solar leasing or power purchase agreements. In both models, a private solar installer
builds, installs, and maintains the solar system with little to no upfront cost to the municipality.
This in turn allows the for profit entity to take advantage of the 30% tax credit.
In the solar leasing model, the municipality may lease the solar system from the third
party and benefit from the electricity it produces. Similarly, the power purchasing agreement
models are set up where the third party owns the solar system and under contract agree to sell the
city energy produced by the system at a fixed rate, typically below market value. In either
scenario, the economic incentive to establish a relationship with a third party and implement
solar energy on city owned buildings would greatly reduce the monthly cost of a standard energy
utility bill.
At the end of the contract, the city and the third party may renegotiate the terms of the
contract. Based on fluctuating market utility prices, the overall project success and benefits to
both parties, the agreement may continue, an arrangement may be made to transfer ownership
from the third party to the city or the third party may choose to remove the systems. In some
cases, solar leasing agreements may be leased for ownership. However, a lease to own
agreement would turn the responsibility of maintenance and upkeep onto the municipality rather
than the third party.
These are only possible scenarios, however once the relationships with solar installers are
established, and the longer the project is implemented, the higher the cost benefit on both sides.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 21
As alluded to in the benchmarking section of this paper, the City of Fayetteville, AR built a
relationship with a solar utility company to enact third party financing for their solar array farm.
Based on all of their calculations and analysis of all financing options, they concluded that the
return on investment was far faster and the initial cost to the city was significantly lower utilizing
third party financing compared to other financing options.
Estimates and Return on Investment
Working with Jesse from Eland Electric, we were able to get property estimates on
desired Oshkosh city -owned buildings. It was emphasized that buildings with high energy
outputs and extended periods of solar exposure throughout the year would be good candidates for
solar installation. Eland Electric has access to proper software and formulas that provide a return
on investment timelines and the initial cost of installation. Using this information and
technology, estimates are provided for Oshkosh North High School.
A summary of the Return on Investment timeline and the initial cost of installation is
provided here. To see the full budget and production reports, please view Appendix C and D.
The upfront cost to install the solar panel system is approximately $1,563,100 with a break-even
point of 14.32 years. Further examining the budget number on pages 5 and 6 of the budget report
in appendix D, it is currently displayed being slightly oversized, producing more energy than the
school uses in the summer months. There are several ways to get the ROI a little quicker, and
one of those may be to start with a smaller solar panel system, especially if the school is served
by WE Energies (they offer net metering up to 300KW AC). Further information or clarification
regarding this report may be directed to Jessie Michalski at Eland Electric Corporation, who
prepared the reports.
Lifespan of Solar
In terms of overall maintenance and cost, solar panels need a minute amount of work on
them post initial installation. Solar panel manufacturers design these panels to withstand
different climate elements, including hot and cold cycles and high intense storms (Energy
Informative). However, solar panels do degrade over time as they age further. Each panel has a
general "degradation rate" per year, which overall lowers the efficiency of the panel, but the
effect is minuscule. The average degradation rate is around 0.8% per year, so after 25 years, the
solar panel should still be approximately 75% efficient (Sunpower). Solar technology is still a
relatively new technology with most modern panels within the 10-15 year age range. Data is
limited when it comes to the lifespan over 25 years, but the oldest solar panel in the U.S. is still
working after 60 years (Energy Informative). Solar panel systems will continue to be upgraded in
durability and performance, but a general guideline to follow as a user is checking panels
annually for damage and cleaning them every so often to keep off debris for the best efficiency.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 22
Keeping up to date on other city examples throughout the state on their solar panel lifespan and
average maintenance will provide the best example on needed updates and maintenance. in
addition, as current solar projects nationwide are developed, more information will present itself
on when panels need to be replaced or updated. In general, not much maintenance is required in
solar panels after initial installation because of how well they are manufactured
Significance to Sustainability
Oshkosh has the opportunity to be a leader in switching to renewable energy and
promoting a greener community. Steps have already been taken to emphasis the importance of
sustainability through goals, community projects, and organizations that help pave the way for
the future. The next step for Oshkosh in transitioning to a "green" city to encourage the switch
from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. This can be done through the installation of solar
panels onto city buildings to aid in the transition to a more sustainable future.
With fossil fuels becoming more scarce and climate change on the rise, establishing
renewable energy plans for cities is vital for the future. One of the worries with converting to
renewable energy is the loss of efficiency and production achieved from using fossil fuels.
Currently, around 85% of the United States rely on fossil fuels as an energy source (U.S Energy
information System). Cities produce some of the highest amounts of greenhouse gas emissions.
Not only do cities produce emissions, but many of the means to produce energy currently are
very detrimental to the environment in ways in which we use the land improperly. The further
use of fossil fuels will lead to more drastic climatic changes and a more challenging future for
humans and other species on Earth. Encouraging cities to switch to renewable energies,
especially solar power, will, in turn, promote a healthier sense of environment and include social
and economic benefits along with it. Other cities have already seen positive effects from
incorporating solar power energy into city planning on economic, environmental, and social
bases.
The goal of Oshkosh in terms of sustainability is to improve the quality of life in Oshkosh
by providing sustainability practices to meet the environmental, economic, and social needs of
the present without compromising the needs of the future (City of Oshkosh). To achieve this
goal, the city requires changes that are overall more sustainable and promote a greener future.
Currently, Wisconsin has an average of around 90 million metric tons of carbon emissions per
year (Statista Research Department). Transitioning to solar panels can reduce these emissions
drastically by reducing the total amount of carbon produced. Based on other data samples, the
size of the solar system can be generally converted to the amount of carbon emissions saved. The
ratio is approximately 1:1, so for every 1Kfw of solar panels, it equivalates out to 1 metric ton of
carbon emissions (Richardson). Applying these estimates to Oshkosh, in particular, city
buildings, significant improvements to sustainability can be made through solar panel
infrastructure. Solar panels also offer economic savings through the return investments received
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 23
from customers. When converting to solar power, the amount of energy being produced will cost
less compared to that of current energy bills. This switch will be able to provide sufficient energy
to users while also reducing energy bills along the way, which positively affects the community's
economy while promoting more sustainable practices. If efforts are made to better communities
using renewable energy, other sustainable living measures can be taken to make an area become
greener.
Conclusion
The City of Oshkosh, hopefully, can find a way to implement solar panel systems within
its upcoming sustainability plans and achieve a greener future. With the installation of solar
panels on more buildings within the city, it will reduce overall greenhouse gas emissions put out
by the city. Also, it will lower the cost of energy utilities for buildings by producing energy for a
lower price than traditional methods. This plan motivates other surrounding cities and
individuals to follow a more sustainable way of living for the future. If Oshkosh carries out a
solar project in the future, the city will be on track with its current and future sustainability goals.
Many of the global agendas to reduce the overall carbon footprint put out by cities and humans,
in general, involves the transition to renewable energy sources. Solar panels have been proven to
be effective in many areas like Fayetteville and Duluth with excellent results in terms of energy
production and sustainability. This switch for Oshkosh is one of the first steps to a more
sustainable future.
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 24
Appendix A
The City of Oshkosh switched to a monthly billing cycle in the spring of 2019 so
residents could better track their water usage (Slattery). Beginning in 2018, the water utility
price had increased by almost 8%, however after transferring to a monthly billing system,
residents have experienced significant spikes in the price they pay for water. In some cases,
residents have expressed water bills nearly 20 times their average monthly charge (Amundsen).
The City of Oshkosh released several statements and held community meetings to discuss
citizens concerns and advised that residents check for leaks in taps and toilets, which may
account for the increased monthly charges (Slattery).
Appendix B
City of Fayetteville. "Solar Array Project." Fayetteville, AR - Official Website,
www.fayetteville-ai-.gov/3536/Solai--An-ay-Pi-oj'ect.
SAVINGS
Electricity Bill Savings: S939.717
Battery, HVAC & Lighting Savings: $2.500
Generator Fuel Cost Savings: $60,000
Generator Management Payment: $75.000
Battery Storage Loss Payment: $1,152
TOTAL SAVINGS $1,078,369
COSTS
Solar Maintenance Agreement $20.116
Solar Electricity Cost $874,348
Loss of Hay/Sludge Spreading Revenue S22,000
TOTAL COSTS $916,464
NETANNUAL SAVINGS $161,905
Capital cosh: Site electrical
improvements,to be paid through
Waterf ewer Reserve Fund $716,946
RETURN ON INVESTMENT 4.4 years
Design 1 Oshkosh North High School, 1100 W Smith Ave
A Report Will System Metrics
Project Name Oshkosh North High School
Design
Design 1
Project Address 1100 W Smith Ave
Module DC
989.1 kW
Nameplate
Prepared B Jesse Michalski
P y jessemi@elandelectric.com
Inverter
kW
Nameplatteo
Load Ratio: 1.24
Annual Production 1.237 GWh
Performance Ratio 84.3%
kWh/kWp 1,251.1
Weather Dataset TMY, 10km grid (44.05,-88.55), NREL
(prospector)
Simulator Version Da85ecblf7-666d51b86b-ae8fff61fa-
cbebe908f0
Ild Monthly Production
200k
150k
100k
50k
0
Jan Fen Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
f Annual Production
Description
Output
% Delta
Annual Global Horizontal Irradiance
1,376.3
PDAlrradiance
1,485.0
7.9%
Irradiance
Shaded Irradiance
1,470.5
-1.0%
(kWh/m2)
Irradiance after Reflection
1,417.9
-3.6%
Irradiance after Soiling
1,330.7
-6.2%
Total Collector Irradiance
1,330.7
0.0%
Nameplate
1,315,753.3
Output at Irradiance Levels
1,303,897.3
-0.9%
Output at Cell Temperature Derate
1,294,602.1
-0.7%
Output After Mismatch
1,293,313.9
-0.1%
Energy
Optimizer Output
1,275,167.0
-1.4%_
(kWh)
Optimal DC Output
1,271,574.9
-0.3%
Constrained DC Output
1,262,717.0
-0.7%
Inverter Output
1,243,700.0
-1.5%
Energy to Grid
1,237,480.0
-0'.5%
Temperature Metrics
Avg. Operating Ambient Temp
10.6 °C
Avg. Operating Cell Temp
17.0 °C
Simulation Metrics
Operating Hours
4694
Solved Hours
46941
O Sources of System Loss
AC System: 0.5 %
Inverters: 1.5%
Clipping: 0.7% —�
Wiring: 0.3% —Amon
Optimizers: 1.41%
Mismatch: 0.1 %
Temperature: 0.7% 1 '
Irradiance:0.9% /I
Shading: 1.0 %
/ Reflection: 3.6%
Soiling: 6.2%
• Condition Set
Description
Condition Set 1
Weather Dataset
TMY, 10km grid (44.0S,-88.55),
NREL (prospector)
Solar Angle Location
Meteo Lat/Lng
Transposition Model
Perez Model
Temperature Model
Sandia Model
Rack Type
a
b
Temperature Delta
Fixed Tilt
-3.S6
-0.07S
3°C
Temperature Model
Parameters
Flush Mount
-2.81
-0.04S5
0°C
East-West
-3.56
-0.07S
31C
Carport
-3.S6
-0.07S
3°C
J F M
A M
J J
A S O N D
Soiling (%)
20 20 15
10 2
2 2
2 2 2 10 15
Irradiation Variance
S%
Cell Temperature Spread
4° C
Module Binning Range
-2.S%to 2.5%
AC System Derate
D.501A
Module
Uploaded Characterization
By
Module Characterizations
Q.PEAK DUO L-G53 39S
Folsom Spec Sheet
(Hanwha)
Labs Characterization, PAN
Device
Uploaded By Characterization
Component
Characterizations
SE10DKUS (SolarEdge)
Folsom Labs Spec Sheet
P860 (SolarEdge)
Folsom Labs Sheet
e Components
-L Wiring Zones
Component Name
Count
Description Combiner Poles
Inverters SE100KUS (SolarEdge) 8 (800.0
kW) I i Wiring Zone 12
Strings 10 AWG (Copper) 66 (15,805.8ft)
Optimizers P860 (SolarEdge) 1,254 (1.08MW)
Module Hanwha, Q.PEAK DUO L-GS.3 395 2,504 (989.1
(395W) kW)
'S Field Segments
Description
Racking Orientation
Field Segment
Fixed
Landscape
1
Tilt
(Horizontal)
Field Segment
Fixed
Landscape
2
Tilt
(Horizontal)
Field Segment
Fixed
Landscape
3
Tilt
(Horizontal)
Field Segment
Fixed
Landscape
4
Tilt
(Horizontal)
Field Segment
Fixed
Landscape
5
Tilt
(Horizontal)
String Size Stringing Strategy
13-38 Along Racking
Tilt Azimuth Intrarow,
Spacing
10' 179.50178833738634' 1.6 ft
10' 179.502' 1.6 ft
10' 179.SD2° 1.6 ft
10' 179.SD2° 1.6 ft
10' 179.502' 1.6 ft
Frame
Frames
Modules Power
Size
48S.5
1x1
1,274
1,229
kW
66.4
1x1
168
168
kW
282.4
1 x1
720
71 S
kW
88.9
1x1
226
225
kW
66.0
1x1
177
167
kW
kW
Appendix D
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION
v 3154 HOLMGREN WAY • GREEN BAY, Wl 54304
(920) 338-6000 [in (920) 338-6009
WWW.ELANDELECTRIC.COM
-A
�[s
A 989.08 KW SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM
A BUDGET TO:
Oshkosh North High School
Monday, December 9, 2019
Budget #192S9
PREPARED BY: Jesse Michals
Estimator/Project Manager
Eland Electric Corporation
(920) 609-3S46
iessemi@elandelectric.com
QUOTATION VALID FOR 30 DAYS AND SUBJECT TO MATERIAL ESCALATORS.
ELECTRICAL - AUTOMATION - SOLAR - VOICEIDATAIVIDEO
STATE OF WISCONSIN ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR # 1095791
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION-www.ELANDELECTRIC.COM
12/9/2019
Oshkosh North High School
1100 W Smith Ave
Oshkosh, WI 54901
Attn: Julia
Budget # 19259
RE: COMPLETE TURN -KEY INSTALLATION OF A SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM AS DESCRIBED IN THE
SCOPE OF WORK BELOW
As per your request and based on the information collected during the site visit, emails and phone calls, you will find
below the proposed scope of work and cost associated with the installation of your solar system.
• Installation of a complete turn -key 989.08 KW DC rated system comprised of the following major components:
o (2504) REC 395W Solar Modules
o (1252) SolarEdge Optimizers and (8) SolarEdge String Inverter
o (1) 10-degree ballasted roof mounted racking
o (1) Online energy monitoring and performance package with owner supplied active internet connection
• All Permits, Utilitiy applications and Focus on Energy reservation and incentive applications.
Electrical interconnection made as per the local utilities rules and regulations and in conjunction with the
PSC119 Interconnection Guidelines.
All work done in accordance with National, State and Local electrical codes in addition to being performed by
employees in accordance with Wisconsin ACT 143, statewide licensing law.
Project designed and managed by a NABCEP (North American Board of Certified Energy Practicioners) certified
PV installer and installed by all state licensed electricians.
Price listed below is all inclusive of the items listed above. This reflects the up -front installed price. Any rebates
and incentives will be calculated from this price.
0 Budget:
• Please contact me with any questions.
Sincerely,
Jesse Michalski
�Z_0_<�7z
Estimator/Project Manager
Eland Electric Corporation
(920)-609-3546
iessemi(@elandelectric.com
$ 1,563,100.00
12/9/2019 2 of 6
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION-www.EL,ANDEL,ECTRIC.COM
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) RETURN ON INVESTMENT CALCULATOR FOR:
Oshkosh North
High School -1100 W Smith Ave - Oshkosh, WI 54901
SYSTEM SIZE
989.08
DC rated capacity of the system (KW)
INSTALLED COST
$1,563,100.00
Up -front cost to install the system
ESTIMATED MAX. FOCUS GRANT
$60,000.00
Cash -Back reward from Focus on Energy
ESTIMATED TAX INCENTIVES
$0.00
Estimated 30% ITC plus MARCS 5-year depreciation
POST INCENTIVE INVESTMENT
$1,503,100.00
Cost after rebates and tax incentives used for ROI calculations
PROJECTED ANNUAL PRODUCTION
1,237,472
Annual energy generated (kWh)
ANNUAL VALUE OF ENERGY YEAR 1
$105,229.33
Function of annual energy and utility rate
UTILITY INFLATION RATE
1%
Rate of utility cost increase
BLENDED UTILITY RATE
0.085
Blends utility rate, fixed charges and over generation at avoided cost
15-YEAR ANNUALIZED RATE OF RETURN
0.68%
Annualized rate of return on investment (IRR) calculation
25-YEAR ANNUALIZED RATE OF RETURN
5.46%
Annualized rate of return on investment (IRR) calculation
BREAK-EVEN POINT (YRS)
14.32
The point in time (yrs) when the system has paid for itself
COST/WATT INSTALLED
1.58
Metric to look at the cost per watt installed ($/watt)
SYSTEM YEAR
1
2
3
4
5
INFLATED UTILITY RATE ($/kWh)
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
KWH/YEAR PRODUCTION
1,237,472
1,200,348
1,191,945
1,183,602
1,175,317
VALUE OF ENERGY PRODUCED
$105,229
$103,093
$103,395
$103,698
$104,002
CUMMULATIVE ENERGY VALUE
$105,229
$208,323
$311,718
$415,416
$519,418
SYSTEM YEAR
6
7
8
9
10
INFLATED UTILITY RATE ($/kWh)
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
$0.09
KWH/YEAR PRODUCTION
1,167,089
1,158,920
1,150,807
1,142,752
1,134,752
VALUE OF ENERGY PRODUCED
$104,307
$104,612
$104,919
$105,226
$105,535
CUMMULATIVE ENERGY VALUE
$623,725
$728,337
$833,256
$938,482
$1,044,017
SYSTEM YEAR
11
12
13
14
15
INFLATED UTILITY RATE ($/kWh)
$0.09
$0.09
$0.10
$0.10
$0.10
KWH/YEAR PRODUCTION
1,126,809
1,118,921
1,111,089
1,103,311
1,095,588
VALUE OF ENERGY PRODUCED
$105,844
$106,154
$106,465
$106,777
$107,090
CUMMULATIVE ENERGY VALUE
$1,149,861
$1,256,015
$1,362,480
$1,469,257
$1,576,346
SYSTEM YEAR
16
17
18
19
20
INFLATED UTILITY RATE ($/kWh)
$0.10
$0.10
$0.10
$0.10
$0.10
KWH/YEAR PRODUCTION
1,087,919
1,080,304
1,072,742
1,065,232
1,057,776
VALUE OF ENERGY PRODUCED
$107,404
$107,718
$108,034
$108,350
$108,668
CUMMULATIVE ENERGY VALUE
$1,683,750
$1,791,468
$1,899,502
$2,007,852
$2,116,520
SYSTEM YEAR
21
22
23
24
25
INFLATED UTILITY RATE ($/kWh)
$0.10
$0.10
$0.11
$0.11
$0.11
KWH/YEAR PRODUCTION
1,050,371
1,043,019
1,035,718
1,028,468
1,021,268
VALUE OF ENERGY PRODUCED
$108,986
$109,306
$109,626
$109,947
$110,269
CUMMULATIVE ENERGY VALUE
$2,225,506
$2,334,812
$2,444,438
$2,554,385
$2,664,654
12/9/2019 3 of 6
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION-www.ELANDELECTRIC.COM
Return On Investment
$3,000,000
$2,500,000
$2,000,000
$1,500,000
$1,000,000 < 0000
$500,000
$0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
expected useful life of system (years)
Cost Solar Value
Graph depicting your initial investment and the value of the solar energy over time. For this reason, a solar
PV project should be considered or at least approached as an investment opportunity in addition to all the
other beneficial reasons to utilize solar as a renewable source of energy.
12/9/2019 4 of 6
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION-www.ELANDELECTRIC.COM
Shading Derate Factor
1
Factor to reduce output based on site specific shading
Monthly Usage Factor
1
Factor to adjust estimated usage if not provided by the customer
kWh/KW Peak Factor
1251
Amount of annual energy output from 1KW capacity
System Size (KW)
989.08
Total system size
Standard Utility Rate
$0.09
Amount you pay per kWh
Wholesale Rate
$0.04
Amount the utility credits you per excess kWh
Fixed Utility Charge
$22.00
Non -recoverable "fixed" utility sur-charge
MONTH
ENERGY USAGE
ENERGY
PRODUCED
% DROP IN
USAGE
USAGE COSTS
SOLAR VALUE
% OF COST
REDUCTION
JANUARY
154800
40066
26%
$13,954.00
$3,605.94
26%
FEBURARY
143100
53516
37%
$12,901.00
$4,816.44
37%
MARCH
148500
96648
65%
$13,387.00
$8,698.32
65%
APRIL
139503
136983
98%
$12,577.27
$12,328.47
98%
MAY
146715
151506
103%
$13,226.35
$13,395.99
101%
JUNE
117000
158360
135%
$10,552.00
$12,184.40
115%
JULY
117900
169765
144%
$10,633.00
$12,685.60
119%
AUGUST
116115
140962
121%
$10,472.35
$11,444.23
109%
SEPTEMBER
153911
120573
78%
$13,873.99
$10,851.57
78%
OCTOBER
143100
80668
56%
$12,901.00
$7,260.12
56%
NOVEMBER
169200
50075
30%
$15,250.00
$4,506.75
30%
DECEMBER
153900
38350
25%
$13,873.00
$3,451.50
25%
TOTALS:
1703744
1237472
$153,600.96
$105,229.33
69%
AVERAGE
141979
103123
73%
NOTES:
1. In months where the usage exceeds the generation, the entire generation value is offset at the utility rate.
2. In months where the generation exceeds the consumption, the amount of generation that equals the consumption
is calculated at the utility rate and the excess is added to the value at the wholesale rate.
3. If actual utility usage was not provided, the above numbers are considered average home usage for our area.
12/9/2019 5 of 6
ELAND ELECTRIC CORPORATION-www.ELANDELECTRIC.COM
180000
160000
140000
120000
100000
Y
_?
L
Y
0 80000
60000
40000
20000
0
Usage vs Generation
mat
Goo
■ Usage > Generation i Generation > Usage O Net Energy Reduction
Billed at Retail Credited at Wholesale Non-Bill/Non-Credit
The above graph represents the correlation between usage, consumption and the "net" difference. The green
shaded area is considered the baseline and will represent the "net" energy that you will not pay for nor get
paid for. Areas that are shaded in red above the green are amounts of energy that you will need to purchase
at the retail rate. Areas shaded in orange above the green are amounts of energy that you will sell to the
utility at the wholesale rate.
Notes:
12/9/2019 6 of 6
Creating a Solar Future in the City of Oshkosh 25
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